1. 權(quán)志龍短發(fā)怎么剪
薩克斯屬于一種木管樂器,但管體通常會使用黃銅來制造,使得薩克斯在聲音的力度上不但具有著銅管類樂器的特性,而且在音質(zhì)也有著木管樂器的特點(diǎn),特別是聲音上帶有金屬的明亮度,是其他木管樂器無法比擬的。
介紹
薩克斯有倍低音薩克斯,低音薩克斯、上低音薩克斯、次中音薩克斯、C調(diào)薩克斯、中音薩克斯、F調(diào)高音薩克斯、高音薩克斯、C調(diào)高音薩克斯、超高音薩克斯。
薩克斯有多種音域和調(diào)性,其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四種最多見。 古典薩克斯以中音薩克斯為主,而在爵士樂、流行樂里是以中音次中音為主。所有的薩克斯指法基本都是一樣的,吹奏可以不用指法練習(xí)就更換樂器。
組成部分
主管
脖管
笛頭
哨片
哨箍
蓋帽
掛帶
薩克斯種類
高音薩克斯
是薩克斯家族中音調(diào)第二高的樂器,通常為降B調(diào),僅此于超高音薩克斯(Sopranino),管的體積也是第二_小。常見的為直管,略微曲頸或類似中音薩克斯的形狀。相對于黑管,高音薩克斯音量更大,更有穿透力。但由于小管身,使得高音部分更難以控制音準(zhǔn),較難上手。音薩克斯主要用于獨(dú)奏,在木管重奏中常用來替代雙簧管。著名的高音薩克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,約翰柯川,Wayne Shorter,能等。
中音薩克斯
是最常見的薩克斯,降E調(diào),也是應(yīng)用在古典樂合奏中最多的薩克斯。于按鍵距離適中,氣息要求和嘴部控制難度介于高音薩克斯和次中音薩克斯之間,以吸相對便宜的價(jià)格和搬運(yùn)容易,成為初學(xué)者入i最常使用的薩克斯。中音薩克斯音色較次中音清亮,較高音溫和。 中音薩克斯構(gòu)成了管樂隊(duì)薩克斯聲部的最主要部分,在爵士大樂隊(duì)編制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作為獨(dú)奏樂器出現(xiàn)相對少一些。中音薩克斯是薩克斯家族最有代表性的種類。著名的中音薩克斯演奏家有爵士樂: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典樂: Marcel Mule,Sigurd Rascher等。
次中音薩克斯
通常為降B調(diào),外形比中音薩克斯稍大,彎管前端多了一個(gè)彎曲,色溫和穩(wěn)重。在管樂隊(duì)中次中音薩克斯數(shù)量少于中音,一般作為輔助角色和小低音號和長號同樣的樂譜。
而在爵士樂中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙啞厚重的聲音重新定義了人們對次中音音色的概念。后來的約翰柯川,Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音聲音的個(gè)性。
上低音薩克斯
通常為降E調(diào),是4種中相對少見的類型。體積重量較大,近音兩倍左右。很少有人它作為獨(dú)奏樂器,而在薩克斯四重奏或爵士大樂隊(duì)中上低音薩克斯以它低沉渾厚的音色把其它聲音承托起來,以較簡單的吹奏維持著音樂進(jìn)行的穩(wěn)定步伐。在管樂隊(duì)中常和低音號類似的作用,有時(shí)讓人聯(lián)想起大提琴的聲音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。
選購
初學(xué)薩克斯的朋友基本都是從降E中音薩克斯學(xué)起,因?yàn)橹幸羲_克斯容易控制大小適中女老少都可以很輕松的演奏,且市面上針對初學(xué)薩克斯的教程都是中音薩克斯的教程,因此中音薩克斯以他的優(yōu)勢成為初學(xué)者的首選。
初學(xué)者沒有必要買太好的管子,名牌并不見得好。因?yàn)檫M(jìn)口的管子大多數(shù)也都是出口轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)銷的,很多所謂的國外品牌其實(shí)都在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn),一不心就會出高價(jià)買個(gè)山寨品。可以選擇價(jià)格在2000-5000的國內(nèi)品牌即可。
挑選薩克斯要看音準(zhǔn)、密合度共振、音域質(zhì)手感、鍍層機(jī)械連動、空按薩克斯、按墊是不是均勻平整等等。但這對于初學(xué)者來說還是不好把握,好找專業(yè)可靠的朋友幫忙挑選。
建議先看樂器的整體造型是否合理,有些薩克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不對稱。檢查每個(gè)按鍵的皮墊是否蓋嚴(yán)或變形,若有蓋得不嚴(yán)會漏氣,影響發(fā)音。要試一下手感, 每個(gè)按鍵的彈簧是否力度適中。要看一下每個(gè)常用活動點(diǎn)是否嚴(yán)密、靈活,哨片箍是否能擰緊,不能太松。笛頭部分與哨片接觸處是否完整,均無瑕疵。然后最關(guān)鍵的是要試音色是否優(yōu)美,同一價(jià)位的不同薩克斯音色都不一樣。再試高音是否明亮低音是否易吹,音準(zhǔn)是否好,有些樂器高音大都不準(zhǔn)。再看附件是否齊全(部分配有:哨片、翻笛頭、掛帶等)。
樂理知識
音名
以英文字母來表示音高,稱為音名。
12調(diào)全音域音名表
一、C調(diào)(*):低音234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 123456.(共19個(gè)唱名)
二、#C調(diào)($):低音1234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 12345.(共19個(gè)唱名)
三、D調(diào)(*):最低音7,低音,1234567,中音: 1234567,高音:12345.(共20個(gè)唱名)
四、E調(diào)(&):低音,67,中音:1234567,高:1234567.最高音:1234 (共20個(gè)唱名)
五、bE調(diào)(*):低音: #67中音:1#12#34#45#56#67 高音:1#2#234#45#56#67最高音:1#1234#4 (共32個(gè)唱名)
七、#F調(diào)($):低音,567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音12(共19個(gè)唱名)
八、G調(diào)(*):低音,567,中音:1234567,高音:1234567.最高音12(共19個(gè)唱名)
九、A調(diào)(&):低音,34567,中音: 1234567, 高音: 1234567.最.高音1(共20個(gè)唱名)
十、bA調(diào)(&):低音,4567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音1(共19個(gè)唱名)
十一、B調(diào)($):低音,234567,中音:1234567,高音: 123456.
十二、bB調(diào)(*):低音,34567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567. (共19個(gè)唱名)
備注
1、其中帶(*)號的調(diào)號為最常用基本調(diào)號共6個(gè)大調(diào);帶(&)號的調(diào)號為次常用調(diào)號共3個(gè)。帶($)號的調(diào)號為一般不常用的調(diào)號共3個(gè)調(diào)號。
2、此表中共計(jì)244個(gè)唱音。
哼唱
薩克斯吹一個(gè)音,并且?guī)缀跬瑫r(shí)的唱這個(gè)音,同時(shí)發(fā)出兩個(gè)音,嚴(yán)格的說不叫雙音,和吼叫技巧差不多。通常稱它為哼唱,又叫做唱音。
高低音區(qū)
薩克斯在日常的娛樂過程中肯定會遇到高低音轉(zhuǎn)換的情況。
這里的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換以是否按著泛音鍵來區(qū)別,一種是主旋律的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換,比如中音薩克斯降E調(diào)從中音的1(不按泛音鍵)到2(按著泛音鍵)的轉(zhuǎn)換,或者反之,或是吹降B調(diào)時(shí)從3或4轉(zhuǎn)換到5或反過來。
另一種是裝飾音的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換,這個(gè)就要求更快,幾乎是要在一拍之內(nèi)完成。
在高低音轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)(這里的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換以是否按著泛音鍵來區(qū)別,下同) , 為了防止吹"破”音,就要通過氣息來控制,在轉(zhuǎn)換音的時(shí)候把氣息“弱”下來,下一個(gè)音再逐漸起來,有的時(shí)候曲子需要時(shí),加上吐音也能解決這個(gè)問題。
升降音
各個(gè)調(diào)之間無所謂誰高誰低,只是一個(gè)八度之間的比較而已。無論是高八度或者是低八度,只要是調(diào)對了,大家就能跟伴奏。要做好這件事情,就要有一點(diǎn)基本的樂理知識。最起碼對熟悉的曲子能簡單唱譜,才能知道里面的那個(gè)音是1(dao),那個(gè)音是2(rai),那個(gè)音是3(mi)。
先確定曲子的調(diào)
邊聽曲子,邊唱其譜,選定任何一個(gè)音比如1。用薩克斯吹一下各個(gè)音(包括半音),看哪個(gè)音是正好跟你選定的音相吻合,那么這個(gè)音的1所對應(yīng)的調(diào)就是曲子的調(diào)。
如果你只熟悉少數(shù)指法,就用薩克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各個(gè)1,看哪個(gè)更接近。并確定曲子的那個(gè)1比你吹出來的這個(gè)1是高還是低?這樣你就知道到時(shí)候調(diào)整音調(diào)的時(shí)候是應(yīng)該按上升還是下降了。
音調(diào)
經(jīng)過探究,薩克斯產(chǎn)音域從原本的兩個(gè)八度和一個(gè)五度的根底上,又向上擴(kuò)大了一個(gè)八度和一個(gè)四度(擴(kuò)大音域?qū)儆诔稻植?,沒有必定的根底很難演奏)。
振動不規(guī)矩,音的上下聽起來不分明,叫做“雜音”;
樂音系統(tǒng):音樂中所運(yùn)用的基本的樂音的總和 ;
音級:樂音系統(tǒng)中的各音(專指樂音);(振動起來是有規(guī)律的、單純的,并有準(zhǔn)確的高度(也叫音高)的音)
音列:按必定的音高關(guān)系和上下順序,由低到高或由高到低陳列 ;
半音:樂音系統(tǒng)中,音高關(guān)系的最小計(jì)量單元 ;(相鄰的兩個(gè)音之間最小的距離)
全音:一個(gè)全音等于兩個(gè)半音 ,把八度音劃分為十二個(gè)音,四個(gè)相連的音之間的音程叫全音。
變化音級:將基本音級加以提高或下降得來的音;
晉級音:將基本音級提高半音,如升C、升D、相反是降職音 ;
重升音級:將基本音級提高全音,如重升C、重升D,等,反之為重降 ;
音組:樂音系統(tǒng)中八十多個(gè)音用來劃分音分為多少組,它的標(biāo)志是用小寫字母并在右上方加數(shù)字“1”來表示。如:c1,d1,e1,f1,比小字一組高的各組,由低到高名為“小字二組”、“小字三組”、“小字四組”、“小字五組”。順次寫上數(shù)字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一組低的各組,由高到低順次命名為“小字組”、“大字組”、“大字一組”、“大字二組”。小字組用小寫字母,大字組用大寫字母 ;
中心C:位于樂音系統(tǒng)總音到中心的小字一組的c1。每秒振動約261次 ;
定律法:斷定樂音系統(tǒng)中各音的徹底精確高度,人們在實(shí)施中發(fā)明白種種定律法。如十二均勻律,五度相生津、純律等 ;
十二均勻律:將一個(gè)純八度(如c1-c2)分紅十二個(gè)均等的局部 ;
等音:音高相似而記法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D,重升B,這三個(gè)音在鋼琴上音高是完全相似的。但記法和意思不同。能夠看出,除了升G和降A(chǔ)惟有一個(gè)等音外,其它各音都有兩個(gè)等音 。
復(fù)合音:平常聽到某一音,一般由很多個(gè)音組合而成的。它的發(fā)生是因?yàn)榘l(fā)音體(以弦為例)振動時(shí),不只全段振動,它的各局部(二、三、四、五段等)也同時(shí)在振動 ;
基音:由全弦振動發(fā)生的音,聽的最清楚的;
泛音:由發(fā)音體各局部振動而發(fā)生,不易被聽出的;
分音:形成復(fù)合音的各音;
音域:從低音到高音,音列的總范疇 ;
音區(qū):音域中的一局部。依據(jù)音色的不同分為高音區(qū)、中音區(qū)和低音區(qū)。小字組、小字一組、小字二組被以為是中音區(qū),小字三,小字四,五為高音區(qū),大字組,大字一組和二組為低音區(qū)。
姿勢
1.用掛帶將樂器掛在胸前,調(diào)整掛帶,使其既能負(fù)擔(dān)樂器的重量又能緩解手和臂的緊張程度。
2.站立演奏時(shí),兩腿同肩寬,坐著演奏時(shí),兩腿打開稍向外,呈九十度弓形觸地,身體要自然挺直,背、胸、腰、腹不可彎曲。(新手不建議坐姿演奏薩克斯管不利于掌握氣息)
3.含笛頭的角度,要以自然呼氣和笛頭風(fēng)口的氣流方向?yàn)橐罁?jù),因氣流方向略向下斜,而笛頭和脖管自然要與氣流的方向相一致,略往下傾斜為最佳角度,大約為四十五度左右。
4.演奏當(dāng)中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然彎曲,指關(guān)節(jié)要略為隆起,不可平直而蹋落關(guān)節(jié),運(yùn)指時(shí)要有節(jié)奏感,用力不宜過大。動作不宜僵硬,手指抬的不宜過高。
5.左手拇指扶按在T鍵上,并且控制八度泛音鍵,小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G);右手指托住樂器下方靠近身體部分的托鉤,小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E),左右手食指、中指、無名指分別放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ鍵上。
6.用嘴控制笛頭,掛帶控制薩克斯的重量, 左右手控制薩克斯的平衡,使之演奏呈現(xiàn)出最佳姿態(tài)。
音調(diào)&簡譜
一、降B調(diào)高音薩克斯管,又俗稱直管薩克斯。
二、降E調(diào)中音薩克斯管,這是應(yīng)用較為廣泛的一種,一般學(xué)生初學(xué)薩克斯管時(shí)多選擇這種音域適中且相對易于演奏的樂器。
三、降B調(diào)次中音薩克斯管。
四、降E調(diào)上低音薩克斯管,它的體積較大,一般應(yīng)用于重奏與合奏中。
用女兒情來解釋簡譜的符號
簡譜中的調(diào)與調(diào)號
1=F,表示這首曲子是F調(diào)的。
簡譜里常使用各種不同的調(diào)。調(diào)由兩部分組成,即主音的高度與調(diào)式類別。簡譜中,調(diào)號是用以確定1(do)音的音高位置的符號,其形式為1=( )(現(xiàn)在普遍都用“1”來作為調(diào)號的基準(zhǔn)音),用作調(diào)號的音是調(diào)式主音,“1=F”就意味著這首樂曲是F調(diào)的。
簡譜中的拍子和拍號
4/4,是表示這首曲子是44拍。
將旋律的強(qiáng)拍與弱拍用固定音值進(jìn)行強(qiáng)弱循環(huán),有規(guī)律地組合,稱為拍子。拍號一般標(biāo)記在調(diào)號的后邊。拍子分為單拍子與復(fù)拍子兩種。
每小節(jié)的每一拍由一個(gè)完整音符即單純音符組成的拍子,稱為單拍子;每小節(jié)的每一拍由一個(gè)附點(diǎn)音符或與其等值的音符組成的拍子,稱為復(fù)拍子。
音符的長短
在簡譜中,1、2、3、4、5、6、7這七個(gè)基本音符,不僅僅表示音的高低大小,還表示時(shí)值長短的基本單位,稱為四分音符,其他音符均是在四分音符的基礎(chǔ)上通過加記短橫線"-"和附點(diǎn)"·"表示。
單純音符
如果音符時(shí)值的長短用短橫線" -"表示,就稱為單純音符。單純音符除四分音符外,在基本音符右側(cè)加記一條短橫線,表示增長一個(gè)四分音符的時(shí)值。這類加記在音符右側(cè)、使音符時(shí)值增長的短橫線,稱為增時(shí)線。增時(shí)線越多,音符的時(shí)值越長。
在基本音符下方加記一條短橫線,表示縮短原音符時(shí)值的一半。這類加記在音符下方、使音符時(shí)值縮短的短橫線,稱為減時(shí)線。
減時(shí)線越多,音符的時(shí)值越短。單純音符的名稱以全音符為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而定。如:全音符的二分之一稱為二分音符,全音符的四分之一稱為四分音符,其余類推。
附點(diǎn)音符
附點(diǎn)就是記在音符右邊的小圓點(diǎn),表示增加前面音符時(shí)值的一半, 帶附點(diǎn)的音符叫附點(diǎn)音符。簡單點(diǎn)說,就是這個(gè)音要多唱半拍。
比如“鴛鴦雙棲蝶雙飛”中,本來“雙”只需要唱一秒,因?yàn)橛辛烁近c(diǎn)音符所以要唱1.5秒的延長音,本來要唱2秒,現(xiàn)在要唱3秒。
音高
在音符的上方加一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)(叫做高音點(diǎn))表示高一個(gè)八度,在音符下方加一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)(叫做低音點(diǎn))則表示低一個(gè)八度。若在上方加兩個(gè)圓點(diǎn),即表示高兩個(gè)八度,在下方亦是如此,依此類推。
不帶點(diǎn)的音符稱為“中音”,帶高音點(diǎn)的音符稱為“高音”,帶低音點(diǎn)的音符稱為“低音”。
為了演奏(演唱)的方便,一般將樂曲音域的中音區(qū)記成不帶點(diǎn)的音符(中音),這樣可以減少一些記譜符號,看得更清楚。
對應(yīng)的音區(qū)稱之為低音區(qū)、中音區(qū)、高音區(qū)。在音符上標(biāo)點(diǎn),在演奏樂器或者唱歌的時(shí)候找準(zhǔn)音的高低。
延音線
音符后面有一根短橫線。這個(gè)叫做延音線,意思就是唱到這里得拖長音。比如:第一句鴛鴦雙棲蝶雙飛~(此處用波浪表示延長)。
連音線
兩個(gè)音符上面有一個(gè)弧線叫做連音線,一般是給唱歌看的,表示一個(gè)字要對應(yīng)幾個(gè)音,中間不斷開。意思是說,看到弧線就要將對應(yīng)的字的讀音分解開始唱。
比如第一句:鴛鴦雙棲蝶雙飛,“蝶”字上有連音線,蝶的讀音大家知道,蝶=d+ie。
所以唱的時(shí)候要這么唱:蝶~(拖ie的音)
休止符
在簡譜中表示音樂的休止(停頓)的符號稱為休止符。簡譜的休止符用O來表示。吹奏樂器的時(shí)候,看到休止符,就可以停止吹奏,然后等下一段節(jié)奏再吹奏。
休止符時(shí)值的長短與音符的時(shí)值基本相同,只是不用增時(shí)線,而用更多的O來代替,每增加一個(gè)O,表示增加一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)四分休止符的停頓時(shí)間,O越多,停頓的時(shí)間越長。在休止符下方加記不同數(shù)目的減時(shí)線,停頓的時(shí)間按比例縮短。常用休止符的寫法、休止時(shí)值如下:
小節(jié)線與終止線
在強(qiáng)拍面前,用來劃分節(jié)拍單位的垂直線叫小節(jié)線。用來表示全曲結(jié)束的兩條小節(jié)線,右邊略粗于左邊的一條叫終止線。
速度
有兩種,一種是文字表示的,如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一種是直接告訴你的。比如《女兒情》調(diào)號下面的表示為每一分鐘唱70個(gè)4分音符。
以上就是學(xué)簡譜時(shí)都會學(xué)到的基礎(chǔ)知識,相信大家對簡譜有了更清晰的認(rèn)識。當(dāng)然這些知識只是樂理的入門部分,在學(xué)習(xí)過程中還會接觸到更詳細(xì)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,如果大家在這方面想了解到更多內(nèi)容或者有疑問的地方都可以給老師留言,會一一幫大家解答的。
指法
手指的按法
好比手中握著球,稍微彎曲,各手指不要伸的直直的,要有彎彎的感覺。按鍵時(shí)手指不要離開,可能的話輕輕摸著鍵。
曲目
《茉莉花》、《暗香》、《血色浪漫》、《天空之城》依次從簡單到難度比較高,是練薩克斯必備的經(jīng)典曲目。
《茉莉花》
薩克斯本身聲音悠揚(yáng)清亮,而這首樂曲把縹緲纏綿的意境表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)?shù)轿?,在音質(zhì)不好的播放器上往往會將聲音表現(xiàn)成刺耳的高音,意境皆無。面對難以完美再現(xiàn)的薩克斯,尤其是清純悠揚(yáng)的清音效果和抒情的高音時(shí),應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)的完滿而到位。層次感清晰分明,音質(zhì)柔和不顯刺耳,卻極富穿透力。
《暗香》
《血色浪漫》
此曲注意每個(gè)樂句的氣流控制,掌握好正確的吸氣方法。在演奏時(shí)略帶喉音,樂句尾音稍帶滑間,還需掌握好超高音的演奏。
《天空之城》
用薩克斯演奏的《天空之城》帶著一種天然的恬靜,讓人們陶醉其中,心里便有了一份寧靜,和恩雅的音樂一樣,能夠洗滌內(nèi)心的躁動,收獲一份久違的靜謐,不再為了一些瑣事鬧心。
保養(yǎng)
保持干燥
每次吹奏完后總會有一些水份留在管內(nèi),不及時(shí)清理會腐蝕管體。在潮濕多雨的地區(qū)保持樂器干燥尤為重要。
樂器使用完畢后,應(yīng)取下彎脖,把管體內(nèi)的水分倒出來,用柔軟吸水的布簡單擦拭下喇叭口處的水分,然后放在通風(fēng)處15-20分鐘,讓其自然晾干。用過的清潔布不要直接和樂器放在一起,防止潮氣滯留二次腐蝕樂器;通布條和口水棒也不建議使用,通布條來回擦,容易對皮墊的密封性造成很大的影響,漏氣了或者卡在薩克斯里邊就難辦了
口水棒是不吸水的材質(zhì),口水有堿性,用它等于用堿2次腐蝕管體加速氧化,也不建議使用。
保持清潔
薩克斯管結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,音孔和音鍵多達(dá)數(shù)十個(gè),不定期清潔容易在鍵軸、鍵桿和彈簧等部位積攢灰塵和污垢,會嚴(yán)重影響樂器機(jī)械性能的發(fā)揮,給演奏帶來困難。
吹奏完樂器后,應(yīng)用清潔布擦拭管體表面的指紋和汗跡,否則容易侵蝕管體,加快薩克斯表面的氧化;使用薩克斯時(shí)間長了,鍵柱之間和鍵桿下面如果有浮塵,可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷輕輕打掃或者可以用衛(wèi)生棉棒來小心清理。建議1-2周一次即可。
哨片保養(yǎng)
吹奏完畢后,哨片用后要取下,擦去水分,放入哨片夾內(nèi),妥善保管。短時(shí)休息時(shí),一定要套上笛頭帽。
笛頭保養(yǎng)
笛頭每次用完后用水沖洗干凈,再用軟布擦干即可,也可直接擦干凈。
鍵墊保養(yǎng)
吹奏完畢后鍵墊有潮濕的情況出現(xiàn),會硬化減少使用壽命;可用吸水紙夾在鍵墊與音孔之間。手按鍵子,將水分吸干,保持各部分的干燥,一定不要讓紙屑留在音口上以免造成漏氣現(xiàn)象。
按鍵靈活
薩克斯管音調(diào)的變化主要依靠音鍵和音孔的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn),因此尤其音鍵應(yīng)具備高度的靈活性。所以應(yīng)定期滴專用鍵油以增強(qiáng)它的靈活性并防止銹死。
每隔2個(gè)月在薩克斯各鍵連桿處注入薩克斯?jié)櫥停灰?,防止鍵油流到管體上導(dǎo)致漆面提早氧化,滴完后活動幾下鍵子使油充分滲入,用軟布把表面多余的油擦干凈即可。
樂器上固定各鍵連桿的各個(gè)螺絲,要進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性的檢查,如有松動將其擰緊。由于薩克斯的泛音孔很小,較易堵塞,所以要定期清理。根據(jù)個(gè)人使用情況1-2年要到薩克斯維護(hù)中心做一次保養(yǎng);如果薩克斯長時(shí)間未用,開始用的時(shí)候,需要做一次檢查以及保養(yǎng)。
手應(yīng)該拿在薩克斯沒有按鍵的部分,比如喇叭口或者上側(cè)彎脖接口處,或者手拿指托處,一定要牢靠、穩(wěn)妥;并且樂器放回箱包后,一定記得拉上箱包拉鏈,避免不小心樂器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。
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古典薩克斯以中音薩克斯為主,而在爵士樂、流行樂里是以中音次中音為主。所有的薩克斯指法基本都是一樣的,吹奏可以不用指法練習(xí)就更換樂器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKic0kgmO64cAyodJQ7Qxth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"組成部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicgs8Iy0K0sEKO9hEOYvSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6mC4mEw0mQOSWUaxbCn7s"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6189100d2c36478ca8361e3c1f39f0f5","width":243},"text":"","id":"doxcnSE6ucAAqyGOGYLizdlZcxe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqIGyoucsWw8qaQ7skVF6gf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":501,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f417d55fc6244c428ba13aa75801e2e9","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqYgwac6KEMo43FtlOWqGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛頭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngo8soScasYU8OkjP5tx50f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笛頭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96e062e5fea049839669c8b26ec0d77a","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnu4OEsmEwgig2SO3FqcC0Ih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6giOqaq66gcmMXlNrAgzZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75cad85d1b1b4ef7bd3e2c53c7563292","width":277},"text":"","id":"doxcn6ME6EM0YUEmqeW3PPqjpeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8OymOu8u0ukQLu5mWxfle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":359,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0db081831cbc4f3994f573de26ae193e","width":351},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Qeuouww6w02CAMDoGGbYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"蓋帽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUuKy2k0iKewuYHFRovdHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":832,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蓋帽","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f19710625f584ac7a167c6916f6306cf","width":401},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2m8CqEqgkiwQb7xrEf2jb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掛帶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2oOEigg4iQ4EPH8dUIolf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":737,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掛帶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93ba78621894488890e3eae44a739f02","width":659},"text":"","id":"doxcnGwq2A4kAIEIeqOGwrjT3ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"薩克斯種類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04uaCWAgS0O84FdPKveeng"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音薩克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMAYGk82cQwa6NvUDtBfgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是薩克斯家族中音調(diào)第二高的樂器,通常為降B調(diào),僅此于超高音薩克斯(Sopranino),管的體積也是第二_小。常見的為直管,略微曲頸或類似中音薩克斯的形狀。相對于黑管,高音薩克斯音量更大,更有穿透力。但由于小管身,使得高音部分更難以控制音準(zhǔn),較難上手。音薩克斯主要用于獨(dú)奏,在木管重奏中常用來替代雙簧管。著名的高音薩克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,約翰柯川,Wayne Shorter,能等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU26ygeS8Ckiw8z3Ix1hese"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":598,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高音薩克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/af7e45386bf740ac840f040d5a68e8b4","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sS4iCAcgkocM7ITP4UvTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音薩克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn686mIMe4K2Q0gfZ1WMp6Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是最常見的薩克斯,降E調(diào),也是應(yīng)用在古典樂合奏中最多的薩克斯。于按鍵距離適中,氣息要求和嘴部控制難度介于高音薩克斯和次中音薩克斯之間,以吸相對便宜的價(jià)格和搬運(yùn)容易,成為初學(xué)者入i最常使用的薩克斯。中音薩克斯音色較次中音清亮,較高音溫和。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中音薩克斯構(gòu)成了管樂隊(duì)薩克斯聲部的最主要部分,在爵士大樂隊(duì)編制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作為獨(dú)奏樂器出現(xiàn)相對少一些。中音薩克斯是薩克斯家族最有代表性的種類。著名的中音薩克斯演奏家有爵士樂: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典樂: Marcel Mule,Sigurd Rascher等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ko6Aq2E2a26KO7g7Qj7jh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中音薩克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88c4887aeff342dcac58d61b89b3ee52","width":485},"text":"","id":"doxcn6Cc2wgWQOMaeklrr5w0gJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音薩克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYmMASO0kmYGU1VU4UMUjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常為降B調(diào),外形比中音薩克斯稍大,彎管前端多了一個(gè)彎曲,色溫和穩(wěn)重。在管樂隊(duì)中次中音薩克斯數(shù)量少于中音,一般作為輔助角色和小低音號和長號同樣的樂譜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAswqmwA6GQY6TyToKxmDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而在爵士樂中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙啞厚重的聲音重新定義了人們對次中音音色的概念。后來的約翰柯川,Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音聲音的個(gè)性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmuKMe8KY02E2oB4GK2mLwe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音薩克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4343f601182d4d7ea34b251716ac7b0c","width":545},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmqI4o0We6OSGw13yW7W2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音薩克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUk6EyM0SeMCUjTot6PuTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常為降E調(diào),是4種中相對少見的類型。體積重量較大,近音兩倍左右。很少有人它作為獨(dú)奏樂器,而在薩克斯四重奏或爵士大樂隊(duì)中上低音薩克斯以它低沉渾厚的音色把其它聲音承托起來,以較簡單的吹奏維持著音樂進(jìn)行的穩(wěn)定步伐。在管樂隊(duì)中常和低音號類似的作用,有時(shí)讓人聯(lián)想起大提琴的聲音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygmsUmAUQKIsKw6aRvvfsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":724,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音薩克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0af6b1ec5cf34895946a75f34b19f8c1","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcnGeg8CmA4804mG8emd0fbMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選購","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaMeoGqwUmAuGuu11Nj0sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初學(xué)薩克斯的朋友基本都是從降E中音薩克斯學(xué)起,因?yàn)橹幸羲_克斯容易控制大小適中女老少都可以很輕松的演奏,且市面上針對初學(xué)薩克斯的教程都是中音薩克斯的教程,因此中音薩克斯以他的優(yōu)勢成為初學(xué)者的首選。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeaK4qCE8O4eAjajQhMuag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初學(xué)者沒有必要買太好的管子,名牌并不見得好。因?yàn)檫M(jìn)口的管子大多數(shù)也都是出口轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)銷的,很多所謂的國外品牌其實(shí)都在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn),一不心就會出高價(jià)買個(gè)山寨品。可以選擇價(jià)格在2000-5000的國內(nèi)品牌即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YIsUawmQEAqwrxIv81hNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑選薩克斯要看音準(zhǔn)、密合度共振、音域質(zhì)手感、鍍層機(jī)械連動、空按薩克斯、按墊是不是均勻平整等等。但這對于初學(xué)者來說還是不好把握,好找專業(yè)可靠的朋友幫忙挑選。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsqYuesiamOaAzCH7aT50c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建議先看樂器的整體造型是否合理,有些薩克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不對稱。檢查每個(gè)按鍵的皮墊是否蓋嚴(yán)或變形,若有蓋得不嚴(yán)會漏氣,影響發(fā)音。要試一下手感, 每個(gè)按鍵的彈簧是否力度適中。要看一下每個(gè)常用活動點(diǎn)是否嚴(yán)密、靈活,哨片箍是否能擰緊,不能太松。笛頭部分與哨片接觸處是否完整,均無瑕疵。然后最關(guān)鍵的是要試音色是否優(yōu)美,同一價(jià)位的不同薩克斯音色都不一樣。再試高音是否明亮低音是否易吹,音準(zhǔn)是否好,有些樂器高音大都不準(zhǔn)。再看附件是否齊全(部分配有:哨片、翻笛頭、掛帶等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauikgWIogiAc6tpYo0HW8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"樂理知識","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYq6a2MausOeOIJgi4Coge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUqW80o6CGo62qMavOn2Ej"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以英文字母來表示音高,稱為","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk4YKsMw2AYAaARn5V7WBie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12調(diào)全音域音名表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuM4yIoWKiOeSw5DOyS15Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、C調(diào)(*):低音234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 123456.(共19個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOs4c6OIsWEsBFrPZvO8Lq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、#C調(diào)($):低音1234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 12345.(共19個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoogGWgWMoU0mAbYBAvyZ6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、D調(diào)(*):最低音7,低音,1234567,中音: 1234567,高音:12345.(共20個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQgk6oiKIuikQN4bd44h9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、E調(diào)(\u0026):低音,67,中音:1234567,高:1234567.最高音:1234 (共20個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwuSCaESO8AMy6FOrymAah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、bE調(diào)(*):低音: #67中音:1#12#34#45#56#67 高音:1#2#234#45#56#67最高音:1#1234#4 (共32個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6e4YWYcm4Ku21RdVClHOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、#F調(diào)($):低音,567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音12(共19個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiiM2wqmUKwOq6B2Gkw98c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、G調(diào)(*):低音,567,中音:1234567,高音:1234567.最高音12(共19個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGIg6eGK48ooo32mJDC5ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、A調(diào)(\u0026):低音,34567,中音: 1234567, 高音: 1234567.最.高音1(共20個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQkyuAgCUYw44LSAdpKn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、bA調(diào)(\u0026):低音,4567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音1(共19個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAM8qkY6gQwE6dB8d811bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、B調(diào)($):低音,234567,中音:1234567,高音: 123456.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIkyGKaI4MmyMZ1hhK2dCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、bB調(diào)(*):低音,34567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567. (共19個(gè)唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuY2sYaKQ8wME1ZynTRbXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 備注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUW2GG2IqmGgMdM1HgjUmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、其中帶(*)號的調(diào)號為最常用基本調(diào)號共6個(gè)大調(diào);帶(\u0026)號的調(diào)號為次常用調(diào)號共3個(gè)。帶($)號的調(diào)號為一般不常用的調(diào)號共3個(gè)調(diào)號。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ggu8q8MiwYEMn7hJ45Beg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、此表中共計(jì)244個(gè)唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSOSAKcQIg08MvLOjOZ6Vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哼唱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0YIiI8uqGss5sBsidqkgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"薩克斯吹一個(gè)音,并且?guī)缀跬瑫r(shí)的唱這個(gè)音,同時(shí)發(fā)出兩個(gè)音,嚴(yán)格的說不叫雙音,和吼叫技巧差不多。通常稱它為哼唱,又叫做唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuagUKwW004Eui5fpeNOHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高低音區(qū)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2maOcSsQickIMb1jyES34e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"薩克斯在日常的娛樂過程中肯定會遇到高低音轉(zhuǎn)換的情況。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmw2uksOWy4woeeVyNq2psc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換以是否按著泛音鍵來區(qū)別,一種是主旋律的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換,比如中音薩克斯降E調(diào)從中音的1(不按泛音鍵)到2(按著泛音鍵)的轉(zhuǎn)換,或者反之,或是吹降B調(diào)時(shí)從3或4轉(zhuǎn)換到5或反過來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIwMiWWYKwk0aANyHr98Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一種是裝飾音的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換,這個(gè)就要求更快,幾乎是要在一拍之內(nèi)完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UyaKWueA8kWQjoIwsmPyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在高低音轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)(這里的高低音轉(zhuǎn)換以是否按著泛音鍵來區(qū)別,下同) , 為了防止吹\"破”音,就要通過氣息來控制,在轉(zhuǎn)換音的時(shí)候把氣息“弱”下來,下一個(gè)音再逐漸起來,有的時(shí)候曲子需要時(shí),加上吐音也能解決這個(gè)問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4OwScWiSaiEGM5NZM8fYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"升降音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwukES2wQ0wISW2LpP5MNWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各個(gè)調(diào)之間無所謂誰高誰低,只是一個(gè)八度之間的比較而已。無論是高八度或者是低八度,只要是調(diào)對了,大家就能跟伴奏。要做好這件事情,就要有一點(diǎn)基本的樂理知識。最起碼對熟悉的曲子能簡單唱譜,才能知道里面的那個(gè)音是1(dao),那個(gè)音是2(rai),那個(gè)音是3(mi)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiq0KOmSY080kZJsOMRvwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先確定曲子的調(diào)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAwwwcQ2uAoSwXvNSasBYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邊聽曲子,邊唱其譜,選定任何一個(gè)音比如1。用薩克斯吹一下各個(gè)音(包括半音),看哪個(gè)音是正好跟你選定的音相吻合,那么這個(gè)音的1所對應(yīng)的調(diào)就是曲子的調(diào)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6so0AEY44mgs4JhorWqAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只熟悉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"少數(shù)指法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",就用薩克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各個(gè)1,看哪個(gè)更接近。并確定曲子的那個(gè)1比你吹出來的這個(gè)1是高還是低?這樣你就知道到時(shí)候調(diào)整音調(diào)的時(shí)候是應(yīng)該按上升還是下降了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACYOko0aM86kucDItUt7bc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqyw0mAwaEAegjvhZKTINg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"經(jīng)過探究,薩克斯產(chǎn)音域從原本的兩個(gè)八度和一個(gè)五度的根底上,又向上擴(kuò)大了一個(gè)八度和一個(gè)四度(擴(kuò)大音域?qū)儆诔稻植?,沒有必定的根底很難演奏)。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS44AMISMgEkGSCLTbVNrec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"振動不規(guī)矩,音的上下聽起來不分明,叫做“雜音”;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqqoeci0846CwRMHsps6Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"樂音系統(tǒng):音樂中所運(yùn)用的基本的樂音的總和 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnig6MU4KS0ksEA9OY4eknye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音級:樂音系統(tǒng)中的各音(專指樂音);(振動起來是有規(guī)律的、單純的,并有準(zhǔn)確的高度(也叫音高)的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcouaYC0MUgSG4bs2JcVa9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音列:按必定的音高關(guān)系和上下順序,由低到高或由高到低陳列 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCsGQcwgmgGqAd1dGITVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半音:樂音系統(tǒng)中,音高關(guān)系的最小計(jì)量單元 ;(相鄰的兩個(gè)音之間最小的距離)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26aCmoQOWUcaUVyI2eNP1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全音","id":""},{"type":"text","text":":一個(gè)全音等于兩個(gè)半音 ,把八度音劃分為十二個(gè)音,四個(gè)相連的音之間的音程叫全音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgKy6iK2oceskFlhJklopg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"變化音級:將基本音級加以提高或下降得來的音; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YsYweOeUogSWuwHqEBBBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"晉級音:將基本音級提高半音,如升C、升D、相反是降職音 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCs4egmAK6sqEmkSXhH2Y6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重升音級:將基本音級提高全音,如重升C、重升D,等,反之為重降 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqKQOecgoaoaEtfIBLtfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音組:樂音系統(tǒng)中八十多個(gè)音用來劃分音分為多少組,它的標(biāo)志是用小寫字母并在右上方加數(shù)字“1”來表示。如:c1,d1,e1,f1,比小字一組高的各組,由低到高名為“小字二組”、“小字三組”、“小字四組”、“小字五組”。順次寫上數(shù)字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一組低的各組,由高到低順次命名為“小字組”、“大字組”、“大字一組”、“大字二組”。小字組用小寫字母,大字組用大寫字母 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAEa24k0kMgGg1zydHIGMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心C:位于樂音系統(tǒng)總音到中心的小字一組的c1。每秒振動約261次 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mEScK4MQSG0qSMZQURUne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定律法:斷定樂音系統(tǒng)中各音的徹底精確高度,人們在實(shí)施中發(fā)明白種種定律法。如十二均勻律,五度相生津、純律等 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmIUWcuAecaWcP0zMGF4Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二均勻律:將一個(gè)純八度(如c1-c2)分紅十二個(gè)均等的局部 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwimeswyOycwq0tz695Usb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等音:音高相似而記法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D,重升B,這三個(gè)音在鋼琴上音高是完全相似的。但記法和意思不同。能夠看出,除了升G和降A(chǔ)惟有一個(gè)等音外,其它各音都有兩個(gè)等音 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQYgAiym2IOCG0adrpwx2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"復(fù)合音:平常聽到某一音,一般由很多個(gè)音組合而成的。它的發(fā)生是因?yàn)榘l(fā)音體(以弦為例)振動時(shí),不只全段振動,它的各局部(二、三、四、五段等)也同時(shí)在振動 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccQGu4GcwasOKG7RaRs2mf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基音:由全弦振動發(fā)生的音,聽的最清楚的; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyyQwQCKEAAQGsXNRMPDWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泛音:由發(fā)音體各局部振動而發(fā)生,不易被聽出的; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Wi6OM2K26KsO8Ixd8acOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分音:形成復(fù)合音的各音; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUmAAMySoWiewJZj1NveDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音域:從低音到高音,音列的總范疇 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kquOwA0MAaSBO7s9roTNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音區(qū):音域中的一局部。依據(jù)音色的不同分為高音區(qū)、中音區(qū)和低音區(qū)。小字組、小字一組、小字二組被以為是中音區(qū),小字三,小字四,五為高音區(qū),大字組,大字一組和二組為低音區(qū)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAiIG8I6KQs8kve2yxpdDb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿勢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eQU4a0OaykYSUcjvBBFCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.用掛帶將樂器掛在胸前,調(diào)整掛帶,使其既能負(fù)擔(dān)樂器的重量又能緩解手和臂的緊張程度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngG646UsmMA6IyIHnuiAwCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.站立演奏時(shí),兩腿同肩寬,坐著演奏時(shí),兩腿打開稍向外,呈九十度弓形觸地,身體要自然挺直,背、胸、腰、腹不可彎曲。(新手不建議坐姿演奏薩克斯管不利于掌握氣息)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoyIu0S6Cy4mg5pjsBlRif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.含笛頭的角度,要以自然呼氣和笛頭風(fēng)口的氣流方向?yàn)橐罁?jù),因氣流方向略向下斜,而笛頭和脖管自然要與氣流的方向相一致,略往下傾斜為最佳角度,大約為四十五度左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0KcUSoEmo0o5RlTYWfbyW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.演奏當(dāng)中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然彎曲,指關(guān)節(jié)要略為隆起,不可平直而蹋落關(guān)節(jié),運(yùn)指時(shí)要有節(jié)奏感,用力不宜過大。動作不宜僵硬,手指抬的不宜過高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWEimoa66ukegwSf8LMPT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.左手拇指扶按在T鍵上,并且控制八度泛音鍵,小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G);右手指托住樂器下方靠近身體部分的托鉤,小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E),左右手食指、中指、無名指分別放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ鍵上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuka4QIYmKosayEjiKWKMTU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.用嘴控制笛頭,掛帶控制薩克斯的重量, 左右手控制薩克斯的平衡,使之演奏呈現(xiàn)出最佳姿態(tài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0uKY0aqMsEsw9HWFRD7zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)\u0026簡譜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQyoI4Q2UUY046BPVq6xif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、降B調(diào)高音薩克斯管,又俗稱直管薩克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqw2m82I4kyq8gReeozh2kf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、降E調(diào)中音薩克斯管,這是應(yīng)用較為廣泛的一種,一般學(xué)生初學(xué)薩克斯管時(shí)多選擇這種音域適中且相對易于演奏的樂器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwaeqa0g2Mw8MpM2jzhEPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、降B調(diào)次中音薩克斯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQIS0kiwES2S0GX3vK6NYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、降E調(diào)上低音薩克斯管,它的體積較大,一般應(yīng)用于重奏與合奏中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24gIMUI8womSC0lAmgbtVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用女兒情來解釋簡譜的符號","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnea2cGQUIu6w0WsBJ8sekAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)\u0026簡譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b69614ef1044c6881b20c0b12dc110e","width":404},"text":"","id":"doxcnw4ac2gqcY2sig3YqxBb1eY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"簡譜中的調(diào)與調(diào)號","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAyS22WeYgkcO3Iackierb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1=F,表示這首曲子是F調(diào)的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwYUi6U2Umq0sW4LB2uP19"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡譜里常使用各種不同的調(diào)。調(diào)由兩部分組成,即主音的高度與調(diào)式類別。簡譜中,調(diào)號是用以確定1(do)音的音高位置的符號,其形式為1=( )(現(xiàn)在普遍都用“1”來作為調(diào)號的基準(zhǔn)音),用作調(diào)號的音是調(diào)式主音,“1=F”就意味著這首樂曲是F調(diào)的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS08muk2eMogM0YicrSc2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"簡譜中的拍子和拍號","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wCCw0wW8ygqaeGtRCABVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4/4,是表示這首曲子是44拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcOUyaugMy8keqdC3rnMFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"將旋律的強(qiáng)拍與弱拍用固定音值進(jìn)行強(qiáng)弱循環(huán),有規(guī)律地組合,稱為拍子。拍號一般標(biāo)記在調(diào)號的后邊。拍子分為單拍子與復(fù)拍子兩種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYQ66coSoKmcc1sobLITef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每小節(jié)的每一拍由一個(gè)完整音符即單純音符組成的拍子,稱為單拍子;每小節(jié)的每一拍由一個(gè)附點(diǎn)音符或與其等值的音符組成的拍子,稱為復(fù)拍子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUYEEogmMi8UmSi5e4hJvIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音符的長短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauWEs4YUecOa8uzROt9g0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在簡譜中,1、2、3、4、5、6、7這七個(gè)基本音符,不僅僅表示音的高低大小,還表示時(shí)值長短的基本單位,稱為四分音符,其他音符均是在四分音符的基礎(chǔ)上通過加記短橫線\"-\"和附點(diǎn)\"·\"表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKwcU8ocwY2SW2VzOXLakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"單純音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnme2uM6wUocWEGg70zaalcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果音符時(shí)值的長短用短橫線\" -\"表示,就稱為單純音符。單純音符除四分音符外,在基本音符右側(cè)加記一條短橫線,表示增長一個(gè)四分音符的時(shí)值。這類加記在音符右側(cè)、使音符時(shí)值增長的短橫線,稱為增時(shí)線。增時(shí)線越多,音符的時(shí)值越長。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kYqiuSEsacQCOarhIvqdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)\u0026簡譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c64a14cc4c24670b63acbec79f81171","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnoewcWSyYQSS8uuB9TRuq8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在基本音符下方加記一條短橫線,表示縮短原音符時(shí)值的一半。這類加記在音符下方、使音符時(shí)值縮短的短橫線,稱為減時(shí)線。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSyekmOGuqMYu6cGpDdK1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"減時(shí)線越多,音符的時(shí)值越短。單純音符的名稱以全音符為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而定。如:全音符的二分之一稱為二分音符,全音符的四分之一稱為四分音符,其余類推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuOYOYKMucKA4ctWH1hYAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"附點(diǎn)音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAs6EuWsEkK86WUcG0jZdIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"附點(diǎn)就是記在音符右邊的小圓點(diǎn),表示增加前面音符時(shí)值的一半, 帶附點(diǎn)的音符叫附點(diǎn)音符。簡單點(diǎn)說,就是這個(gè)音要多唱半拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WYeIuSCC0sSVWeVwsDRuF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如“鴛鴦雙棲蝶雙飛”中,本來“雙”只需要唱一秒,因?yàn)橛辛烁近c(diǎn)音符所以要唱1.5秒的延長音,本來要唱2秒,現(xiàn)在要唱3秒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8Keomsou8aaUR6AjgOHsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AMI0eC6qKCKhsG0VSlWwW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音符的上方加一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)(叫做高音點(diǎn))表示高一個(gè)八度,在音符下方加一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)(叫做低音點(diǎn))則表示低一個(gè)八度。若在上方加兩個(gè)圓點(diǎn),即表示高兩個(gè)八度,在下方亦是如此,依此類推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6Acw6o0QOKKGwRGdkHsJd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":99,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)\u0026簡譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/916921f451474d3abdd65f1893c2cf48","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcni8MkSymog2GoaeUMwYF5Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不帶點(diǎn)的音符稱為“中音”,帶高音點(diǎn)的音符稱為“高音”,帶低音點(diǎn)的音符稱為“低音”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUGgsSE0AS00Q12NwxZFEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"為了演奏(演唱)的方便,一般將樂曲音域的中音區(qū)記成不帶點(diǎn)的音符(中音),這樣可以減少一些記譜符號,看得更清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmekEeSkqsqy8S6IMzW3AUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對應(yīng)的音區(qū)稱之為低音區(qū)、中音區(qū)、高音區(qū)。在音符上標(biāo)點(diǎn),在演奏樂器或者唱歌的時(shí)候找準(zhǔn)音的高低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCMKE82mu28mmGDaGm8mWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延音線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28mm2Gcauy2q8SFrJ0gXWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符后面有一根短橫線。這個(gè)叫做延音線,意思就是唱到這里得拖長音。比如:第一句鴛鴦雙棲蝶雙飛~(此處用波浪表示延長)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEa0CqmAGmQwSAvUF3cCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"連音線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyg6cqkMIcKQmeUYVN7fZfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兩個(gè)音符上面有一個(gè)弧線叫做連音線,一般是給唱歌看的,表示一個(gè)字要對應(yīng)幾個(gè)音,中間不斷開。意思是說,看到弧線就要將對應(yīng)的字的讀音分解開始唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOqK0eeMiIeueox911BINb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如第一句:鴛鴦雙棲蝶雙飛,“蝶”字上有連音線,蝶的讀音大家知道,蝶=d+ie。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCaWuWKYUyw2CwIsr8aj2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以唱的時(shí)候要這么唱:蝶~(拖ie的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssUyIw6i6kgas7TqHPIMKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"休止符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwMcEEW0eoiKkdhGtux0Zg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在簡譜中表示音樂的休止(停頓)的符號稱為休止符。簡譜的休止符用O來表示。吹奏樂器的時(shí)候,看到休止符,就可以停止吹奏,然后等下一段節(jié)奏再吹奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngggAkGw2c6uYgRyAUZxWwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"休止符時(shí)值的長短與音符的時(shí)值基本相同,只是不用增時(shí)線,而用更多的O來代替,每增加一個(gè)O,表示增加一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)四分休止符的停頓時(shí)間,O越多,停頓的時(shí)間越長。在休止符下方加記不同數(shù)目的減時(shí)線,停頓的時(shí)間按比例縮短。常用休止符的寫法、休止時(shí)值如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIUCkI2Uw8Ck9sF8t9yGyp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":105,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)\u0026簡譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0054bae3df644980bfb001345fc4def0","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWayMMaakIGg6kLuUMyGXne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小節(jié)線與終止線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIaiOoEicIWG4Rp2azP8Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在強(qiáng)拍面前,用來劃分節(jié)拍單位的垂直線叫小節(jié)線。用來表示全曲結(jié)束的兩條小節(jié)線,右邊略粗于左邊的一條叫終止線。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUomYEoqEkIIWmY4N1Fnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"速度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aOGYCu0i00IIHuCEqLewc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有兩種,一種是文字表示的,如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一種是直接告訴你的。比如《女兒情》調(diào)號下面的表示為每一分鐘唱70個(gè)4分音符。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MMCeC0uWKqUAxHMxCANEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是學(xué)簡譜時(shí)都會學(xué)到的基礎(chǔ)知識,相信大家對簡譜有了更清晰的認(rèn)識。當(dāng)然這些知識只是樂理的入門部分,在學(xué)習(xí)過程中還會接觸到更詳細(xì)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,如果大家在這方面想了解到更多內(nèi)容或者有疑問的地方都可以給老師留言,會一一幫大家解答的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0KUKomWUAygLlHDVA6qj4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音調(diào)\u0026簡譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0b7f887b53294480bde68947b7298a76","width":1064},"text":"","id":"doxcnuW8qy2gk0YcGaUhmrPV7Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaQw46U8I2Sogtg5LB0Mih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"手指的按法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYeikySCigmAcInaT2hRuBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好比手中握著球,稍微彎曲,各手指不要伸的直直的,要有彎彎的感覺。按鍵時(shí)手指不要離開,可能的話輕輕摸著鍵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4GoMYYMkAKkq8C1ARkNLh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/215e669d7d46444e8b830752f5bf8352","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcnGKEouGqQ2AO0sLeymkytke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":793,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c41f04a82d4b4fd1a6368f3c4d37f144","width":385},"text":"","id":"doxcnimS20A0SAkiUQJb0picvDd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KEiASWkKUKIdd17DgNUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KEiASWkKUKIdd17DgNUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》、《暗香》、《血色浪漫》、《天空之城》依次從簡單到難度比較高,是練薩克斯必備的經(jīng)典曲目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mG6uEue4gS2qeWj8EkpDf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwGeSw4gKqQkAV1hnAc9Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"薩克斯本身聲音悠揚(yáng)清亮,而這首樂曲把縹緲纏綿的意境表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)?shù)轿?,在音質(zhì)不好的播放器上往往會將聲音表現(xiàn)成刺耳的高音,意境皆無。面對難以完美再現(xiàn)的薩克斯,尤其是清純悠揚(yáng)的清音效果和抒情的高音時(shí),應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)的完滿而到位。層次感清晰分明,音質(zhì)柔和不顯刺耳,卻極富穿透力。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqWwEEKO08I4mEZU3WSR4I"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95d61a35813e47e282342da61781b910","width":893},"text":"","id":"doxcn8SwOuAK8KsQec5aiBCcQbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4O20s6QYWS8uM2Y1khQBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaQMeOUeO2wuiMEBXPNexb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/998a88cf0c2244e388ef4bdf9a981e42","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnEWEKuKO6WkGcyZ8YlBWWsb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQMS6soEea88kvMlY9OA9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此曲注意每個(gè)樂句的氣流控制,掌握好正確的吸氣方法。在演奏時(shí)略帶喉音,樂句尾音稍帶滑間,還需掌握好超高音的演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMsWocW4AUMcccHkHNmGRj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/216177fb3d5a423ab28e01bb9bd82f64","width":497},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkwUQQOeEqKsJJXZHnjHuP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKg44mOomWukyqQnABkWNCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用薩克斯演奏的《天空之城》帶著一種天然的恬靜,讓人們陶醉其中,心里便有了一份寧靜,和恩雅的音樂一樣,能夠洗滌內(nèi)心的躁動,收獲一份久違的靜謐,不再為了一些瑣事鬧心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsAG2GCm08UqKq1qJs9sqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e9278f8de83470e98a52804dcefe30a","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcnw46mukaCQW04OQThVrWa8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保養(yǎng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8AeS26UyIaAHSngYaVQob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持干燥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSagugGc8eUiWie8LNtFZDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每次吹奏完后總會有一些水份留在管內(nèi),不及時(shí)清理會腐蝕管體。在潮濕多雨的地區(qū)保持樂器干燥尤為重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ss8goQ2QiMmeNWgcJ9Thb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"樂器使用完畢后,應(yīng)取下彎脖,把管體內(nèi)的水分倒出來,用柔軟吸水的布簡單擦拭下喇叭口處的水分,然后放在通風(fēng)處15-20分鐘,讓其自然晾干。用過的清潔布不要直接和樂器放在一起,防止潮氣滯留二次腐蝕樂器;通布條和口水棒也不建議使用,通布條來回擦,容易對皮墊的密封性造成很大的影響,漏氣了或者卡在薩克斯里邊就難辦了","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGw0YYAuqWmw4EjCW66Yi9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口水棒是不吸水的材質(zhì),口水有堿性,用它等于用堿2次腐蝕管體加速氧化,也不建議使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOwEmsC4y2mekLyQtqkfDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持清潔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyMssO68QUMM6VyDk0Fpxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"薩克斯管結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,音孔和音鍵多達(dá)數(shù)十個(gè),不定期清潔容易在鍵軸、鍵桿和彈簧等部位積攢灰塵和污垢,會嚴(yán)重影響樂器機(jī)械性能的發(fā)揮,給演奏帶來困難。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUekK0IueSysA581uynR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完樂器后,應(yīng)用清潔布擦拭管體表面的指紋和汗跡,否則容易侵蝕管體,加快薩克斯表面的氧化;使用薩克斯時(shí)間長了,鍵柱之間和鍵桿下面如果有浮塵,可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷輕輕打掃或者可以用衛(wèi)生棉棒來小心清理。建議1-2周一次即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMq8MCosCkuyMCKGqgy7Byb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片保養(yǎng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAYcmkqEAIg6OKLx8kwgEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完畢后,哨片用后要取下,擦去水分,放入哨片夾內(nèi),妥善保管。短時(shí)休息時(shí),一定要套上笛頭帽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwuGw6iMYwu24hrKfbKPTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛頭保養(yǎng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWE2Kmk8Scy6grRkMFdEMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛頭每次用完后用水沖洗干凈,再用軟布擦干即可,也可直接擦干凈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8aWGCqGi22YEYy2JxRvjb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鍵墊保養(yǎng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62yWGOCWsSGsAlDLaLTZzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完畢后鍵墊有潮濕的情況出現(xiàn),會硬化減少使用壽命;可用吸水紙夾在鍵墊與音孔之間。手按鍵子,將水分吸干,保持各部分的干燥,一定不要讓紙屑留在音口上以免造成漏氣現(xiàn)象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQCOUQAaCgoiwf09JDZ92d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"按鍵靈活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGmKO0WmEOuc8RuP1fCiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"薩克斯管音調(diào)的變化主要依靠音鍵和音孔的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn),因此尤其音鍵應(yīng)具備高度的靈活性。所以應(yīng)定期滴專用鍵油以增強(qiáng)它的靈活性并防止銹死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkcU86wgeO0wohkHl756nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每隔2個(gè)月在薩克斯各鍵連桿處注入薩克斯?jié)櫥?,不要太多,防止鍵油流到管體上導(dǎo)致漆面提早氧化,滴完后活動幾下鍵子使油充分滲入,用軟布把表面多余的油擦干凈即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnow6sOs4kO6y4yaCxJx01Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"樂器上固定各鍵連桿的各個(gè)螺絲,要進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性的檢查,如有松動將其擰緊。由于薩克斯的泛音孔很小,較易堵塞,所以要定期清理。根據(jù)個(gè)人使用情況1-2年要到薩克斯維護(hù)中心做一次保養(yǎng);如果薩克斯長時(shí)間未用,開始用的時(shí)候,需要做一次檢查以及保養(yǎng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM08yWoyiU2u8xu7sXlFed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手應(yīng)該拿在薩克斯沒有按鍵的部分,比如喇叭口或者上側(cè)彎脖接口處,或者手拿指托處,一定要牢靠、穩(wěn)妥;并且樂器放回箱包后,一定記得拉上箱包拉鏈,避免不小心樂器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCWImeg2kwEs4esu37RTBc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
2. 權(quán)志龍剪發(fā)照片
有以下五種發(fā)型
1、清爽短發(fā)
男士最流行的發(fā)型之一,將兩邊剃短并且用推子將它推平,然后再將頭頂?shù)念^發(fā)進(jìn)行燙染,或者直接剪短打理,腦后的頭發(fā)也剪短,就是一款任何季節(jié)任何年齡都比較適合的清爽的短發(fā)了。
2、鏟青發(fā)型
將兩側(cè)的頭發(fā)鏟青是在造型時(shí)經(jīng)常會用的一種方式,而且也有專門為這種發(fā)型而設(shè)計(jì)的衍生,比如說鏟青后將頭頂?shù)念^發(fā)扎成小辮,也可以將上面頭發(fā)留長然后挑染,很個(gè)性當(dāng)然也很特別。
3、朋克發(fā)型
如果要說最標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兩邊剃掉的發(fā)型,大概指的就是朋克發(fā)型,它是很早之前就開始在世界各地流行的發(fā)型,特點(diǎn)是兩邊剃掉后,中間的頭發(fā)需要向上豎起,極具個(gè)性但也有一些非主流。
4、鯔魚頭發(fā)型
不少明星曾經(jīng)嘗試過的發(fā)型里,也有剃掉兩邊的設(shè)計(jì),比如鯔魚頭就是其中之一,權(quán)志龍、吳亦凡等等明星都留過這樣的發(fā)型,兩邊剃短之后,其余的地方的頭發(fā)按照正常長度留和打理。
5、其他發(fā)型
剃掉兩邊頭發(fā)和很多發(fā)型都是可以搭配的,并不說某個(gè)發(fā)型就一定要做成某個(gè)固定的樣子,發(fā)型師往往還會根據(jù)自己的理解對發(fā)型做出一些修改,所以建議如果想要做兩邊剃掉的發(fā)型,最好是先有個(gè)參照的圖片或者發(fā)型,然后發(fā)型師才會知道你的大概要求,憑空的說出兩邊剃掉發(fā)型描述過于簡單,無法確定具體的發(fā)型。
3. 權(quán)志龍剪頭發(fā)
這是一個(gè)由蘑菇頭演變而來的發(fā)型,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)雞涌拍MV要擺各種動作所以有點(diǎn)變形,有點(diǎn)像中分了。
你可以先去剪個(gè)飛機(jī)頭,把頭頂那部分‘飛機(jī)留到’6厘米,記得讓他把尾發(fā)留的長一點(diǎn),留到6厘米,推平一次周圍的頭發(fā),切記把尾發(fā)也留長,然后回家把頭發(fā)自然的放下來,加點(diǎn)發(fā)膠定型,就成了這種效果。
4. 權(quán)志龍剪過的發(fā)型
龍哥頭發(fā)是染了全頭的白色然后又挑染了藍(lán)色又在上邊挑染粉色紫色
5. 權(quán)志龍超短發(fā)
他的名字叫權(quán)志龍,喜歡短發(fā)女生的男人,一個(gè)低調(diào)而又喜歡名牌服飾的男人,一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)但一提起父母就會流淚的
6. 權(quán)志龍短發(fā)圖片 寸頭
洗了早在入伍之前,GD權(quán)志龍就準(zhǔn)備入伍,把自己喜愛的紋身給洗掉了。而后又把自己的頭發(fā)剪成寸頭為服兵役做準(zhǔn)備。權(quán)志龍服兵役當(dāng)天戴黑色帽子跟口罩低調(diào)現(xiàn)身,沒有任何言語在保鏢的簇?fù)硐轮北紶I門而去,權(quán)志龍前往的“白骨部隊(duì)”,相傳有“魔鬼部隊(duì)”之稱,訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)度很大2018年2月27日開始服兵役(韓國服兵役對紋身也是有要求的)
7. 權(quán)志龍的發(fā)型
權(quán)志龍who+you里是鍋蓋頭,剪發(fā)是按自然垂落去修剪,沒有任何的角度,也就是O度剪發(fā)一圈,可底層漏空。
鍋蓋頭發(fā)型展示:
8. 權(quán)志龍短發(fā)怎么剪的
1、中分短發(fā)的不僅時(shí)尚顯氣質(zhì)更是有一種暖男形象,加入一點(diǎn)蓬松感打造,更是帥氣。
2、中分短發(fā)+兩邊鏟設(shè)計(jì)到一起真心時(shí)尚到家了,既韓范十足又時(shí)尚顯氣質(zhì),身穿毛衣,好帥好帥的。
3、中分發(fā)型現(xiàn)在的小鮮肉也很喜歡留中分發(fā)型,畢竟要顏值夠高才能駕馭。前額頭發(fā)劃分中分,可以在視覺上起到立體五官呢。
4、中分短發(fā)權(quán)志龍這款中分短發(fā)可以說是潮到?jīng)]誰,橘色染發(fā)讓短發(fā)看起來個(gè)性十分,滿滿都透出潮男本色。
5、鹿晗也很喜歡留中分發(fā)型,染上亞麻棕色提升造型時(shí)尚度,又能襯得皮膚白皙,重點(diǎn)是夠顯帥。
6、中分短男生留中分短發(fā)是真的很顯帥,秋冬身穿大衣,真心帥到炸。像這樣靜靜坐著,分分鐘就能撩妹一大把。
7、男生其他發(fā)型推薦:(1)走入職場的男生首選的發(fā)型當(dāng)然是一款大氣干練才行,自然黑色的短發(fā)梳理成偏發(fā)的模樣,將劉海部分做出偏發(fā)內(nèi)扣的樣子,搭配上一套藍(lán)色的西裝,輕易的展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)雅的輕熟。(2)對于校園男生來說清新的燙發(fā)梳發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)是最好的載體,青春的外表下搭配斜劉海燙發(fā)發(fā)型,展現(xiàn)出清爽的時(shí)尚風(fēng),質(zhì)感的短發(fā)貼服在頭上,看起來不是陽光氣息。(3)卷發(fā)的男生燙發(fā)發(fā)型,做成蓬松的樣子,看起來輕盈又有陽光氣息,包裹臉型的卷發(fā)修飾出可愛的男生形象,搭配上個(gè)性耳飾,又彰顯出男生個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)。(4)短發(fā)的紋理燙發(fā)做出蓬松的效果的同時(shí),留下了滿滿的線條的質(zhì)感,亞麻青色的發(fā)色渲染其中,彰顯潮流的時(shí)尚味道,齊劉海的短發(fā)更是富有可愛氣息。(5)飽滿的發(fā)絲打理成內(nèi)扣的男生短發(fā)發(fā)型,發(fā)頂?shù)陌l(fā)絲內(nèi)扣起來很是個(gè)性,空氣一般的劉海錯(cuò)落有致的懸浮在額前,彎彎曲曲的很是可愛,稚嫩的臉上盡顯酷酷的時(shí)尚男孩形象。(6)鏟青的短發(fā)給男生帶來足夠的清爽以及干練的視覺感,發(fā)頂部分的短發(fā)真是采用燙發(fā)的手法將其固定成型,看上去更有層次感。
9. 權(quán)志龍短發(fā)怎么剪好看
自從液晶電視上市以來,逐漸受到了人們的喜愛,很多人家里都安裝了液晶電視。和普遍的電視機(jī)相比,液晶電視比較省電、較為環(huán)保。但是對于電器來說,使用久了,出現(xiàn)故障也在所難免,那么該如何維修呢?
基礎(chǔ)知識
組成結(jié)構(gòu)
液晶電視機(jī)的組成原理,大體有4個(gè)主要功能模塊電源板,電視主板,邏輯板,背光模塊,以及屏線,遙控器,按鍵輸入和喇叭輸出。
電源板
顧名思義,電源板負(fù)責(zé)整臺電視的供電。功能好比人的心臟,給人全身輸送能量。如果電源板壞了,就像人的心臟停止跳動,電視機(jī)自然就不能工作了。
很多黑屏,背光不亮,指示燈不亮,遙控按鍵不起作用等現(xiàn)象都是因?yàn)殡娫窗骞收弦稹?/p>
電視主板
電視主板是整個(gè)電視機(jī)控制的核心,也可以說是電視的大腦。
如果電視主板出現(xiàn)問題,可能導(dǎo)致指示燈不亮、或者指示燈顏色異常、遙控按鍵無響應(yīng)、黑屏、花屏等現(xiàn)象。
邏輯板
邏輯板也稱TCON板,是信號中轉(zhuǎn)站。負(fù)責(zé)將主板的LVDS信號轉(zhuǎn)換成屏能處理的TCON信號。
如果TCON壞了,可能導(dǎo)致畫面黑屏,花屏,條紋干擾,屏閃,屏保等異常現(xiàn)象。
背光模塊
背光模塊的功能是給電視機(jī)顯示提供背光光源。
如果電視背光不亮,很有可能是背光模塊出現(xiàn)了問題。
LVDS信號線
屏線,又稱差分信號線。如果接口松動,接觸不良,很容易導(dǎo)致黑屏,雪花點(diǎn)干擾,花屏等異?,F(xiàn)象。
注意:4K電視,因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)量大,LVDS信號線已無法滿足傳輸要求,一般都采用V-BY-ONE的信號線傳輸。
遙控接收頭
遙控接收頭,也稱IR,負(fù)責(zé)接收遙控器的紅外控制信號。如果按遙控器沒有反應(yīng),可能是遙控接收頭出現(xiàn)問題。
按鍵板
如果遙控器可以正常操作,但按鍵板不起作用,估計(jì)是按鍵板或者相關(guān)電路壞了。
三合一板卡
將背光模塊,電源板和電視主板集合到一塊板卡上,俗稱三合一板卡。將背光模塊,電源板和電視主板集合到一塊板卡上,俗稱三合一板卡。
隨著產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范化,電視模塊將越來越簡化。目前市面上的電視,里面的模塊基本都簡化成兩片電路了,一塊三合一主板加一片邏輯板。
工作原理
如上圖,紅色的箭頭是供電電路,藍(lán)色的箭頭是信號電路。
電源板負(fù)責(zé)將220V交流電壓轉(zhuǎn)換成各個(gè)模塊工作所需的直流電壓;
電視主板負(fù)責(zé)處理按鍵信號,響應(yīng)遙控器信號;
控制電源板開關(guān),直接或間接控制背光模塊;
接收各類視頻信號,圖像轉(zhuǎn)化成LVDS信號輸送給邏輯板;
聲音信號輸出到喇叭;
邏輯板主要功能是將電視主板輸出的LVDS信號轉(zhuǎn)換成液晶屏能處理的TCON信號;
背光模塊負(fù)責(zé)給背光燈條供電。
維修常用工具
螺絲刀
螺絲刀是工具,分手動或電動,用于旋擰(安裝)和旋松(除去)螺釘。
鑷子鉗
夾持導(dǎo)線、元件及集成電路引腳等。
萬用表
,萬用表又稱為復(fù)用表、多用表、三用表、繁用表等,是電力電子等部門不可缺少的測量儀表,一般以測量電壓、電流和電阻為主要目的。
示波器
示波器是一種用途十分廣泛的電子測量儀器。它能把肉眼看不見的電信號變換成看得見的圖像,便于人們研究各種電現(xiàn)象的變化過程。
溫度可調(diào)熱風(fēng)槍
熱風(fēng)槍主要是利用發(fā)熱電阻絲的槍芯吹出的熱風(fēng)來對元件進(jìn)行焊接與摘取元件的工具。
電烙鐵
電烙鐵是電子制作和電器維修的必備工具,主要用途是焊接元件及導(dǎo)線。
錫絲
錫絲的特質(zhì)是具有一定的長度與直徑的錫合金絲,在電子原器件的焊接中可與電烙鐵或激光配合使用。
維修技巧
基本維修的方法
直觀法
肉眼觀察燒黑的地方,看有無連接線松動及元器件擊穿的情況。
觸摸法
用手觸摸關(guān)鍵部件,觀察供電部分發(fā)熱情況(數(shù)字板),特別是對老化幾小時(shí)后出現(xiàn)的軟故障情況比較實(shí)用。
問題法
了解故障出現(xiàn)的具體狀態(tài)(比如雷擊、打火、冒煙、積水及以及人為操作等)。
測量法
使用萬用表、示波器測量(有些情況可用指針式萬用表交流來代替示波器測量一些普通的信號)。
代換法
有條件的情況下,可以代換電源板,數(shù)字板,高頻板,背光板,屏,LVDS數(shù)據(jù)線,軟件等,這種方法維修快。
排除法
縮小檢修范圍,準(zhǔn)確判斷故障位置(如信號源部分、信號通道部分)。
邏輯檢修法
該方法要求對所修板件的信號流程、電源邏輯關(guān)系非常熟悉,可以確定維修的順序:是先從后級向前級檢修,還是單一通道向公共通道檢修等等。
滿足法
先大體確定故障部位后,再檢修部分電路的工作條件是否滿足(特殊情況下可人為制造工作條件)。
對比法
條件允許的情況下,可以對比好的板件進(jìn)行檢修,也可以對比同一板件上相同的電路(對稱電路)來進(jìn)行檢修。
先軟件后硬件
軟件涉及的故障范圍廣,但是需要檢修的范圍小,對于一些軟故障,建議先升級軟件。
初步檢修流程
維修口訣
液晶維修并不難,工作原理記心間;
電壓來自電源板,亮度來自背光源;
信號處理機(jī)芯板,顯示分配控制板;
5V供電最勤勞,一年四季歇不了;
12V供給機(jī)芯板,中放功放向它看;
24V送到背光板,無它屏幕缺光源;
機(jī)芯板子是領(lǐng)導(dǎo),開關(guān)信號向它要;
電源模塊背光板,電平高開(機(jī))低關(guān);
PWM脈沖很重要,少了亮度提不高;
LVDS線要求高,變質(zhì)松動有干擾;
液晶電視不普通,程序經(jīng)常鬧罷工;
三天兩天發(fā)神經(jīng),需要復(fù)位來擺平;
液晶屏幕很脆弱,要維修時(shí)細(xì)(心)操作
平板維修費(fèi)用高,學(xué)好技術(shù)很辛勞;
賺錢固然很重要,安全二字記心牢。
常見故障分析
顯示器整機(jī)無電
1、電源故障
這是一個(gè)應(yīng)該說是非常簡單的故障,一般的液晶顯示器分機(jī)內(nèi)電源和機(jī)外電源兩種,機(jī)外的常見一些。不論那種電源,易損的一般是一些小元件,象保險(xiǎn)管、整流橋、300V濾波電容、電源開關(guān)管、電源管理IC、整流輸出二極管、濾波電容等。這些常用的芯片在專業(yè)液晶配件店里都能買到。
2、驅(qū)動板故障
驅(qū)動板燒保險(xiǎn)或者是穩(wěn)壓芯片出現(xiàn)故障,有部分機(jī)器是把開關(guān)電源內(nèi)置,輸出兩組電源,其中一組是5V,供信號處理用,另外一組是12V提供高壓板點(diǎn)背光用,如果開關(guān)電源部分電路出現(xiàn)了故障會有可能導(dǎo)致兩組電源均沒輸出先查12V電壓正常否,跟著查5V電壓正常否,因?yàn)锳/D驅(qū)動板的MCU芯片的工作電壓是5V,所以查找開不了機(jī)的故障時(shí),先用萬用表測量5V電壓,如果沒有5V電壓或者5V電壓變得很低,那么一種可能是電源電路輸入級出現(xiàn)了問題,也就是說12V轉(zhuǎn)換到5V的電源部分出了問題,這種故障很常見檢查5端穩(wěn)壓塊(常見型號8050SD-LM2596-AIC15-01等)。
另一種可能就是5V的負(fù)載加重了,把5V電壓拉得很低,換一種說法就是說,后級的信號處理電路出了問題,有部分電路損壞,引起負(fù)載加重,把5V電壓拉得很低,逐一排查后級出現(xiàn)問題的元件,替換掉出現(xiàn)故障的元件后,5V能恢復(fù)正常,故障一般就此解決,也經(jīng)常遇到5V電壓恢復(fù)正常后還不能正常開機(jī)的,這種情況也有多種原因,一方面是MCU的程序被沖掉可能會導(dǎo)致不開機(jī)。還有就是MCU本身損壞,比如說MCU的I/O口損壞,使MCU掃描不了按鍵,遇到這種由MCU引起的故障,找硬件的問題是沒有用的,就算你換了MCU也解決不了問題,因?yàn)镸CU是需要編程和寫碼的,在沒辦法找到原廠的AD驅(qū)動板替換的情況下,我們只能用通用A/D驅(qū)動板代換如151D或161B等。
顯示屏黑屏,無背光,電源燈綠燈常亮
斜視液晶屏有顯示圖像,是因?yàn)镸CU問題造成沒有輸出開關(guān)控制電壓,可以直接提取3端穩(wěn)壓塊的。
(AIC1084)3.3V代替,修理高壓板的思路(電源保險(xiǎn)絲--開關(guān)控制管--電源管理IC--推挽發(fā)大管--電源開關(guān)管--DA轉(zhuǎn)換電路(儲能電感整流管)--LC升壓電路(升壓變壓器、升壓電容)--耦合電容--燈管。
屏幕亮線,亮帶或者是暗線
這種問題,一般是液晶屏的故障。
亮線故障一般是連接液晶屏本體的排線出了問題或者某行和列的驅(qū)動IC損壞
暗線一般是屏的本體有漏電,或者TAB柔性板連線開路以上兩種問題基本上就是給機(jī)器判了死刑了,沒有維修價(jià)值的,因?yàn)橐粔K屏的價(jià)格太高了。(廣州有專門更換碼片的,收費(fèi)極高,返修率也高)。
花屏或者是白屏
這種問題一般是屏的驅(qū)動電壓出了問題,先換驅(qū)動板和驅(qū)屏線試驗(yàn),若不行檢查屏背板供電電路。
維修思路:驅(qū)動板5V轉(zhuǎn)3.3V的穩(wěn)壓塊(AIC1084)是否有供電輸出--屏體驅(qū)動板保險(xiǎn)絲(F)-3.3V--DC轉(zhuǎn)換電路--負(fù)壓形成IC(-7V)--行列驅(qū)動IC。
AAT1101AM150XN05屏電源管理芯片,損壞后表現(xiàn)為白屏開機(jī)圖像暗淡等。
AAT1164M170EG01新款屏通病,主要用在明基FP71G+液晶顯示器上面。用一段時(shí)間會白屏、關(guān)機(jī)在開用一段時(shí)間又出現(xiàn)白屏。本芯片為液晶屏高壓產(chǎn)生及管理芯片、明基液晶顯示器常壞、故障為:白屏。
偏色故障
一般可以進(jìn)入工廠調(diào)整模式進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
維修思路:更換屏線和轉(zhuǎn)接板--重寫驅(qū)動程序--驅(qū)動板壞(不常見)--屏背板的控制IC壞(不常見)--拔掉屏線觀察背光顏色(背光偏色為燈管老化)--換燈管。
字符虛或拖尾
維修思路:檢查VGA信號線,重點(diǎn)看RGB三色線的地線是否連接正常--更換屏線或轉(zhuǎn)接板--重寫驅(qū)動程序--換驅(qū)動板--LCD屏背板信號接口 IC壞--LCD屏背板對比度電位器調(diào)整--LCD屏導(dǎo)光板錯(cuò)位--偏光片錯(cuò)位。
LCD屏幕內(nèi)部有污點(diǎn)
維修思路:擦拭或更換換保護(hù)膜--拆開屏體清洗外層偏光片和有機(jī)玻璃(用棉球純凈水處理)--風(fēng)筒吹干。
LCD屏漏光或光線不均
維修思路:重新安裝燈管--調(diào)整導(dǎo)光板。
LCD屏亮點(diǎn)
一個(gè)或二個(gè)大的亮點(diǎn),可以嘗試輕輕用指尖壓亮點(diǎn),可消失,說明多為此像素的開關(guān)管和電極虛連小的黑點(diǎn)和灰點(diǎn)有可能是內(nèi)部導(dǎo)光板或偏光片有灰塵造成可清洗處理。
LCD屏亮度低
檢查高壓板ADJ亮度調(diào)節(jié)電路--換燈管--換高壓板---調(diào)整或更換導(dǎo)光板。
錯(cuò)誤提示超出頻率范圍
檢查信號線--重寫MCU驅(qū)動程序--更換EPROM--重寫EPROM程序--換驅(qū)動板。
通電后不按開關(guān)按鍵即白屏,出現(xiàn)背光按鍵后圖像可正常顯示
高壓板接口的開關(guān)信號和ADJ信號反接造成部分屬于驅(qū)動板MCU的開關(guān)信號輸出不正常,可以重寫MCU程序修復(fù)--換MCU。
補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn),對于燈管老化的屏更換時(shí)要搞清燈管的尺寸,因?yàn)楸M管屏幕尺寸一樣,但是燈管長度與粗細(xì)略有差異,在找不到相同尺寸燈管的時(shí)候,如果能用短燈則好,如果不能使用,稍長的的燈管用手術(shù)刀小心切除屏框,并用熱縮管做好絕緣。
注意事項(xiàng)
電視機(jī)是有電高壓的一種電器,維修時(shí)有關(guān)的安全問題一定要注意。
1、打開機(jī)殼:要注意不能用蠻力打開機(jī)殼,如果太緊打不開,一定是還有螺釘或卡扣沒有松開,要再仔細(xì)找找;拉開機(jī)殼時(shí)有的電視機(jī)電路板與機(jī)殼之間會有電線相連,要注意不要拉壞,比較好先折下機(jī)殼上固定的電路板;拉開機(jī)殼時(shí)要拿穩(wěn)機(jī)殼,不要脫手掉下,否則容易砸到顯像管管徑,一旦砸斷可就麻煩了。
2、要注意電視機(jī)的“熱地”:有的電視機(jī)的電路板的地是“熱地”,就是與市電沒有隔離,如果恰巧電視機(jī)的電源插頭又將未隔離的電視機(jī)的“地”端插到市電的“火”線上,那么維修時(shí)如果你不小心碰到電視機(jī)的某個(gè)接“地”的部分,就有觸電的危險(xiǎn)。一方面觸電本身很危險(xiǎn),另一方面人在觸電時(shí)身體會發(fā)生不由自主的痙攣,一旦把電視機(jī)拉到地上,就又出大麻煩了。解決這個(gè)問題比較好是用隔離變壓器,如果沒有,比較好在電視機(jī)通電時(shí)能調(diào)整好插頭方向,使電視機(jī)的“地”接到市電的“零”線上,這樣可以使電視機(jī)比較容易碰到的地方不“電”人,但是電視機(jī)里還是有與“火”線相連的強(qiáng)電的,仍然要小心。
3、要注意電視機(jī)內(nèi)的高壓:在更換行輸出變壓器的時(shí)候,一定要用萬用表筆或其它導(dǎo)線將顯像管高壓帽下的高壓泄放干凈,否則在摘下高壓連線時(shí)會受到高壓電擊,同樣比較危險(xiǎn)。
如何保養(yǎng)
1、保持干燥
放置的中央,環(huán)境要保持干燥并遠(yuǎn)離化學(xué)藥品。假如放置環(huán)境濕度很大,電器內(nèi)部就會結(jié)露,容易形成漏電、短路等。平常使用的發(fā)膠、滅蚊劑等都是高揮發(fā)性化學(xué)品,也會對液晶顯現(xiàn)屏形成損傷。
2、亮度調(diào)低
日常使用,盡量防止長時(shí)間顯現(xiàn)同一張畫面。長時(shí)間工作容易惹起內(nèi)部老化或燒壞,特別糟糕的是長時(shí)間內(nèi)顯現(xiàn)同一畫面,可能會招致某些像素過熱,形成內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生壞點(diǎn)。而這種損壞不能修復(fù)。因而不用時(shí)應(yīng)該關(guān)閉顯現(xiàn)屏或選擇屏幕保護(hù)程序,或者把顯現(xiàn)屏亮度調(diào)低點(diǎn)。
3、不能頻繁清洗
液晶顯現(xiàn)屏不能頻繁清洗。正確的清潔辦法是拿一塊沾有少許玻璃清潔劑的屏幕擦布,輕力把污跡擦去。注意不要讓清潔劑流到屏幕、屏框接口中,以免出現(xiàn)短路。也不要用硬質(zhì)毛巾擦洗,以免刮花屏幕。還要定時(shí)定量擦洗。
4、制止壞習(xí)氣
杜絕使用壞習(xí)氣。不要用手對屏幕指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。此外變壓器電壓很高,不要在帶電的狀況下翻開屏的后蓋。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自從液晶電視上市以來,逐漸受到了人們的喜愛,很多人家里都安裝了液晶電視。和普遍的電視機(jī)相比,液晶電視比較省電、較為環(huán)保。但是對于電器來說,使用久了,出現(xiàn)故障也在所難免,那么該如何維修呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WW8Ide2aGoiCgsxk5encV6gvnkh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎(chǔ)知識","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zg4sdAmW0oa0Gsx50oLcYGQdnbR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"組成結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2qyduGcyoGOuAxkbcycCbuBnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶電視機(jī)的組成原理,大體有4個(gè)主要功能模塊電源板,電視主板,邏輯板,背光模塊,以及屏線,遙控器,按鍵輸入和喇叭輸出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqSOdSGksoKCkkxgjdpc8VC0nEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"組成結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d49597eb3f2f458fb1aacdb8bcdbef9c","width":600},"text":"","id":"KIuGduc4Yo64sGxgDHGcyS0Hnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電源板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCcadCGASoIKKaxI1gYcygzZnoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":382,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"電源板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c208a51667444093165fd7f535bdad","width":640},"text":"","id":"N8OodMuAWo6Y0kxgTEac2Ntdnic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顧名思義,電源板負(fù)責(zé)整臺電視的供電。功能好比人的心臟,給人全身輸送能量。如果電源板壞了,就像人的心臟停止跳動,電視機(jī)自然就不能工作了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2y2dAoKqo22aoxkhhmcxKcinxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多黑屏,背光不亮,指示燈不亮,遙控按鍵不起作用等現(xiàn)象都是因?yàn)殡娫窗骞收弦稹?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6S2dK66Uos0mCx6PqTc7rRPnIe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電視主板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om6gd4siSo44U6xyplZcfDDQnzX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電視主板是整個(gè)電視機(jī)控制的核心,也可以說是電視的大腦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQWQd2WKgoEWIExa0EecUNIln8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果電視主板出現(xiàn)問題,可能導(dǎo)致指示燈不亮、或者指示燈顏色異常、遙控按鍵無響應(yīng)、黑屏、花屏等現(xiàn)象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyS4dCMsKoCkwSx8w6qcWrSFnCc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BAA0dYS4ko8GaExOAlwcSMQzn3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a2ec3b6487a474bb0572cd6b41a6a41","width":476},"text":"","id":"ZgksdK60koWCCuxANPMcX2Ijnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GKWadUmOWoQK6cxQbUoclY8cn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯板也稱TCON板,是信號中轉(zhuǎn)站。負(fù)責(zé)將主板的LVDS信號轉(zhuǎn)換成屏能處理的TCON信號。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQKCd4EUoooEGwxwV6EcWW8EnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果TCON壞了,可能導(dǎo)致畫面黑屏,花屏,條紋干擾,屏閃,屏保等異?,F(xiàn)象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nwyud4k2moy8w0xMfDUcsxd2nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模塊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0iudm0eMosGogxEnR0cFf7unhh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模塊","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0a58b74bfb149388085b7d3c065f517","width":640},"text":"","id":"DkCCdyq0eoGMsWxGg10cl1h3nue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模塊的功能是給電視機(jī)顯示提供背光光源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgqgdA6eSoamscxGkTEcrEuhn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果電視背光不亮,很有可能是背光模塊出現(xiàn)了問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEMsdQsKaoEuyGxMx62cer6vn8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS信號線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KesmdsScsoMkAaxUZkacXFfanwf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":174,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS信號線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2f5112c462f4d7689d15cca1b1d7274","width":288},"text":"","id":"IG2edW4gAoimeMx1qfDc7n8EnbS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QM0odQQqaoIgYkxmu1Nc6e2hn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"屏線,又稱差分信號線。如果接口松動,接觸不良,很容易導(dǎo)致黑屏,雪花點(diǎn)干擾,花屏等異?,F(xiàn)象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EcUMdCeuMoMgs8x2v7Nc6yronId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:4K電視,因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)量大,LVDS信號線已無法滿足傳輸要求,一般都采用V-BY-ONE的信號線傳輸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HwyGdSIWkoKoiUx06WXcQbkUnOc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"遙控接收頭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8OCduQagoGUkmxCK1hc1UlanHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"遙控接收頭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81b73b4097b34fa7bd7d91fc61b8ffbe","width":640},"text":"","id":"K2iYdKsC6oggeMxOInhcnIq1nCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遙控接收頭,也稱IR,負(fù)責(zé)接收遙控器的紅外控制信號。如果按遙控器沒有反應(yīng),可能是遙控接收頭出現(xiàn)問題。","id":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text","text":"該方法要求對所修板件的信號流程、電源邏輯關(guān)系非常熟悉,可以確定維修的順序:是先從后級向前級檢修,還是單一通道向公共通道檢修等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cokud4O2qoUuouxa4Ubc5sjRnuf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滿足法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGs6dCqQ2oQ00kxGvWKcnAObnRV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先大體確定故障部位后,再檢修部分電路的工作條件是否滿足(特殊情況下可人為制造工作條件)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V06YdMuwWoyaGQxszCvcTGGuncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"對比法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CKw4d6Qgeo0gwoxkp5pcBtQBnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"條件允許的情況下,可以對比好的板件進(jìn)行檢修,也可以對比同一板件上相同的電路(對稱電路)來進(jìn)行檢修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ku4ydaGiooyQoGx6xBPcyrdvn3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"先軟件后硬件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6eOdwQu2okcSix6QYGcdHa5nnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"軟件涉及的故障范圍廣,但是需要檢修的范圍小,對于一些軟故障,建議先升級軟件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWw4dMEiQoW2AkxSG5vcacnxnId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初步檢修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgYidI6KWoGk6Cx8gO4cu8cgnAc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初步檢修流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e2cbe3f472a42f688eec69e25fecdc6","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Za6kd8yo0oA68qxAZbXcgu39nZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修口訣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QK2sdCQgiouQMIxUrDQccHbjnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶維修并不難,工作原理記心間;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMEcdw4qgoImGsxKwkLcLf4QnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電壓來自電源板,亮度來自背光源;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSkkduO8YoekY6xC8n3cwsoGnkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"信號處理機(jī)芯板,顯示分配控制板;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEAydai2UoqcQ8xktpWc0AyXnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5V供電最勤勞,一年四季歇不了;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YuWadgeMYoSO8uxIN5icN7uInLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12V供給機(jī)芯板,中放功放向它看;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoYAdy0S0oigGSxy0q0cSwYgnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"24V送到背光板,無它屏幕缺光源;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEC8d0kKUoaqc6xmuFScMjUsnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"機(jī)芯板子是領(lǐng)導(dǎo),開關(guān)信號向它要;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgiudCKWuoA0ccxAtjjcJDSwnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電源模塊背光板,電平高開(機(jī))低關(guān);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEe2d4SWooee2cxAddQchfRQn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PWM脈沖很重要,少了亮度提不高;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FCkadcCw4oOca4xoLn3cSd9bnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS線要求高,變質(zhì)松動有干擾;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QMgkdAEQko4k0oxaMh5citB7nWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶電視不普通,程序經(jīng)常鬧罷工;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KuOUdO4Ueo4WeCxWUNgcZnqjnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三天兩天發(fā)神經(jīng),需要復(fù)位來擺平;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IYKMdmk8Ao6McCxY9AKcveD1nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶屏幕很脆弱,要維修時(shí)細(xì)(心)操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N20edYIGSoeU0mxSLz2cZd8fnJx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平板維修費(fèi)用高,學(xué)好技術(shù)很辛勞;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUc0dkSu2ocAQ2xSErXcV4MTnLa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"賺錢固然很重要,安全二字記心牢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcOidycYUoKeS6xq08bcrHRtnzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcQMduk84ooUUGxu8DwcxEA0nPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示器整機(jī)無電","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C0Egds8a0oC0ikxC4HYcame9nKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、電源故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWgsdo628oMIKaxs7lfcQigfnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一個(gè)應(yīng)該說是非常簡單的故障,一般的液晶顯示器分機(jī)內(nèi)電源和機(jī)外電源兩種,機(jī)外的常見一些。不論那種電源,易損的一般是一些小元件,象保險(xiǎn)管、整流橋、300V濾波電容、電源開關(guān)管、電源管理IC、整流輸出二極管、濾波電容等。這些常用的芯片在專業(yè)液晶配件店里都能買到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hg40di4uGoEwkAx0yGNcoySondc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示器整機(jī)無電","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e171513b622b49df9723c2e41328c84e","width":597},"text":"","id":"RmKUdoes6oIUiYxUZqHcagDUnxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YkAAdyaOsoyuwYxmpPpceRxinKq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、驅(qū)動板故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IEUOd66KgoGoI8xIHemcXA1OnWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"驅(qū)動板燒保險(xiǎn)或者是穩(wěn)壓芯片出現(xiàn)故障,有部分機(jī)器是把開關(guān)電源內(nèi)置,輸出兩組電源,其中一組是5V,供信號處理用,另外一組是12V提供高壓板點(diǎn)背光用,如果開關(guān)電源部分電路出現(xiàn)了故障會有可能導(dǎo)致兩組電源均沒輸出先查12V電壓正常否,跟著查5V電壓正常否,因?yàn)锳/D驅(qū)動板的MCU芯片的工作電壓是5V,所以查找開不了機(jī)的故障時(shí),先用萬用表測量5V電壓,如果沒有5V電壓或者5V電壓變得很低,那么一種可能是電源電路輸入級出現(xiàn)了問題,也就是說12V轉(zhuǎn)換到5V的電源部分出了問題,這種故障很常見檢查5端穩(wěn)壓塊(常見型號8050SD-LM2596-AIC15-01等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWQIdq8q0oUiMUx0Emkc8b2VnNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示器整機(jī)無電","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f16f5f31cd6c494ab9713d7fab80f1aa","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AcO2d6u2KoGouYxm1uDcTyaHnGD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一種可能就是5V的負(fù)載加重了,把5V電壓拉得很低,換一種說法就是說,后級的信號處理電路出了問題,有部分電路損壞,引起負(fù)載加重,把5V電壓拉得很低,逐一排查后級出現(xiàn)問題的元件,替換掉出現(xiàn)故障的元件后,5V能恢復(fù)正常,故障一般就此解決,也經(jīng)常遇到5V電壓恢復(fù)正常后還不能正常開機(jī)的,這種情況也有多種原因,一方面是MCU的程序被沖掉可能會導(dǎo)致不開機(jī)。還有就是MCU本身損壞,比如說MCU的I/O口損壞,使MCU掃描不了按鍵,遇到這種由MCU引起的故障,找硬件的問題是沒有用的,就算你換了MCU也解決不了問題,因?yàn)镸CU是需要編程和寫碼的,在沒辦法找到原廠的AD驅(qū)動板替換的情況下,我們只能用通用A/D驅(qū)動板代換如151D或161B等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WEKKdMm82oO0AOxmijgcGJ82nCg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":718,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示器整機(jī)無電","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6877eef394f0460391549cc7950ff2b9","width":1077},"text":"","id":"TemOdY8o8ooCscxC4v0cctYNnJe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示屏黑屏,無背光,電源燈綠燈常亮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScwmdYC2soiC0Uxy0AScaYgon7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜視液晶屏有顯示圖像,是因?yàn)镸CU問題造成沒有輸出開關(guān)控制電壓,可以直接提取3端穩(wěn)壓塊的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DcCAd0sWyoUm0WxzWWcclrOVnIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(AIC1084)3.3V代替,修理高壓板的思路(電源保險(xiǎn)絲--開關(guān)控制管--電源管理IC--推挽發(fā)大管--電源開關(guān)管--DA轉(zhuǎn)換電路(儲能電感整流管)--LC升壓電路(升壓變壓器、升壓電容)--耦合電容--燈管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUWGd8kEoo68ewx80Iqc5gxsntc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示屏黑屏,無背光,電源燈綠燈常亮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/28d1d08e0d744012a98d93b2b825562d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"MsYyd8kKIoYUAsxWIPDcYNDFnKb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"屏幕亮線,亮帶或者是暗線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOYgdaWOwoggwoxohgqc5uwvn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種問題,一般是液晶屏的故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J04udMScEogEgixag7UcHcR4nyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"亮線故障一般是連接液晶屏本體的排線出了問題或者某行和列的驅(qū)動IC損壞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AcEAdaQkIoUY4OxY585cDxs6n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暗線一般是屏的本體有漏電,或者TAB柔性板連線開路以上兩種問題基本上就是給機(jī)器判了死刑了,沒有維修價(jià)值的,因?yàn)橐粔K屏的價(jià)格太高了。(廣州有專門更換碼片的,收費(fèi)極高,返修率也高)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWy8dsS2IoyCmqx2xcmc66POnFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2000,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"屏幕亮線,亮帶或者是暗線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f8d9eb1e799a4641b7f7ba71179f73c8","width":3000},"text":"","id":"KY0Ad8EKooqioaxkZVwcJ31Unxf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"花屏或者是白屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OA26d4yEeomOIAxOyyFc1I1anxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種問題一般是屏的驅(qū)動電壓出了問題,先換驅(qū)動板和驅(qū)屏線試驗(yàn),若不行檢查屏背板供電電路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQiIdcoY0oyyKExqonxcIxPVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修思路:驅(qū)動板5V轉(zhuǎn)3.3V的穩(wěn)壓塊(AIC1084)是否有供電輸出--屏體驅(qū)動板保險(xiǎn)絲(F)-3.3V--DC轉(zhuǎn)換電路--負(fù)壓形成IC(-7V)--行列驅(qū)動IC。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwSgdaAkgoEwGuxQt1GcFIwRnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AAT1101AM150XN05屏電源管理芯片,損壞后表現(xiàn)為白屏開機(jī)圖像暗淡等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8YwdySA4ogUMCxWAF3chxuOnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AAT1164M170EG01新款屏通病,主要用在明基FP71G+液晶顯示器上面。用一段時(shí)間會白屏、關(guān)機(jī)在開用一段時(shí)間又出現(xiàn)白屏。本芯片為液晶屏高壓產(chǎn)生及管理芯片、明基液晶顯示器常壞、故障為:白屏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6UcdsIaYoigw4xhXQYcSTbtnA4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"花屏或者是白屏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0382d695e62249e48ce88ddd45e7eab2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PECGdywYoouQEqxcjYVcjWO4nsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏色故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUakdWow4oC0AYx8TxNcdEFKn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般可以進(jìn)入工廠調(diào)整模式進(jìn)行調(diào)整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAwwd8GmcoMgQoxJOl6cUuWingX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修思路:更換屏線和轉(zhuǎn)接板--重寫驅(qū)動程序--驅(qū)動板壞(不常見)--屏背板的控制IC壞(不常見)--拔掉屏線觀察背光顏色(","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"背光偏色","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"為燈管老化)--換燈管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OE2EdwMqAo22G0x2hsKcJpSYnYf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":595,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"偏色故障","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/682812f3a52745ab9015c2bdb8a8ffca","width":892},"text":"","id":"R2aAd6qASoCwSqx2DfncS7VlnFb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字符虛或拖尾","id":""}],"text":"","id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IC壞--LCD屏背板對比度電位器調(diào)整--LCD屏導(dǎo)光板錯(cuò)位--偏光片錯(cuò)位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0KUdse84ouMuQxGGovcCqUWnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字符虛或拖尾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49e51c98340e47e8b7bfb8076eb3684a","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Dyu2dmkEsoSiimxyOIScRdQ8nHh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏幕內(nèi)部有污點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WIyKdkuCuoI2MqxSkyZcRKEcnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修思路:擦拭或更換換保護(hù)膜--拆開屏體清洗外層偏光片和有機(jī)玻璃(用棉球純凈水處理)--風(fēng)筒吹干。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ygi2dkiY4oO6sExAXsycPzo6nSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏幕內(nèi)部有污點(diǎn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3411022d6b21474aa77b1f139bcb0fcf","width":1119},"text":"","id":"EAUGdQi4yoaaY4xEFqIcBxQrnKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏漏光或光線不均","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4KWdaCcio8gqGxuGtWcl6ktnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修思路:重新安裝燈管--調(diào)整導(dǎo)光板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgYMdOAgOosEU8xu8BJclmLjnqg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏漏光或光線不均","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f1fae90dd7f4885875a98b12d344c37","width":862},"text":"","id":"KaA2dmCEQocMuwxaEhlcgUhwnKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQE0dwIycoAK2ax2hmVc4DIWn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一個(gè)或二個(gè)大的亮點(diǎn),可以嘗試輕輕用指尖壓亮點(diǎn),可消失,說明多為此像素的開關(guān)管和電極虛連小的黑點(diǎn)和灰點(diǎn)有可能是內(nèi)部導(dǎo)光板或偏光片有灰塵造成可清洗處理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BCQUdoykSoGQcAxh5gQcr7XenxI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮點(diǎn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39e02217bd5d47d88ba8642545866e1b","width":1080},"text":"","id":"CEgKd8sgWosqEmxG8gBcswkynme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮度低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOQmdYWuioG6KExmKzJcaD6anVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"檢查高壓板ADJ亮度調(diào)節(jié)電路--換燈管--換高壓板---調(diào)整或更換導(dǎo)光板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PIgCdkW6eoKeEAxA1K6cYRjknzh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮度低","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f309cae5554291ad52f0a37e78fa36","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PMYMdWGmqoKiQMxUzJ5cZG7bnBf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"錯(cuò)誤提示超出頻率范圍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKkGdaY0UoYoeKx0AVLcATRRnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"檢查信號線--重寫MCU驅(qū)動程序--更換EPROM--重寫EPROM程序--換驅(qū)動板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAEMd8Mywom02Ox6f52cPjNondb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"錯(cuò)誤提示超出頻率范圍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddcfcfe2eef44b059d28fdf4aff6f628","width":1024},"text":"","id":"QoYidAMsMo2gk4xye2Bchj7nn0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通電后不按開關(guān)按鍵即白屏,出現(xiàn)背光按鍵后圖像可正常顯示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OqYsdU2e6oCMuuxGCkRcnqnpnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高壓板接口的開關(guān)信號和ADJ信號反接造成部分屬于驅(qū)動板MCU的開關(guān)信號輸出不正常,可以重寫MCU程序修復(fù)--換MCU。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOw0dACO4oKkYIxeQAFcx3sfnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn),對于燈管老化的屏更換時(shí)要搞清燈管的尺寸,因?yàn)楸M管屏幕尺寸一樣,但是燈管長度與粗細(xì)略有差異,在找不到相同尺寸燈管的時(shí)候,如果能用短燈則好,如果不能使用,稍長的的燈管用手術(shù)刀小心切除屏框,并用熱縮管做好絕緣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyU8dEUCaoUWygxc98xcWNPknee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通電后不按開關(guān)按鍵即白屏,出現(xiàn)背光按鍵后圖像可正常顯示","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e69eef55771b48e7bbf6ebcdc5b0165c","width":725},"text":"","id":"FkEQdQikyouEcMx2xS3chyPon8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAsmd4agGouIk2x43LCc4WoTnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電視機(jī)是有電高壓的一種電器,維修時(shí)有關(guān)的安全問題一定要注意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YCaIdiMsSogi28xUdokcdns6nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、打開機(jī)殼:要注意不能用蠻力打開機(jī)殼,如果太緊打不開,一定是還有螺釘或卡扣沒有松開,要再仔細(xì)找找;拉開機(jī)殼時(shí)有的電視機(jī)電路板與機(jī)殼之間會有電線相連,要注意不要拉壞,比較好先折下機(jī)殼上固定的電路板;拉開機(jī)殼時(shí)要拿穩(wěn)機(jī)殼,不要脫手掉下,否則容易砸到顯像管管徑,一旦砸斷可就麻煩了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG2KdeSkco0eAKxIN1TcdXBFneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":888,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3541dbd8ad7a44cab04154722ed2ea1b","width":1332},"text":"","id":"HcUGdoY4GoEOYxxSOaVcjAjbnio"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要注意電視機(jī)的“熱地”:有的電視機(jī)的電路板的地是“熱地”,就是與市電沒有隔離,如果恰巧電視機(jī)的電源插頭又將未隔離的電視機(jī)的“地”端插到市電的“火”線上,那么維修時(shí)如果你不小心碰到電視機(jī)的某個(gè)接“地”的部分,就有觸電的危險(xiǎn)。一方面觸電本身很危險(xiǎn),另一方面人在觸電時(shí)身體會發(fā)生不由自主的痙攣,一旦把電視機(jī)拉到地上,就又出大麻煩了。解決這個(gè)問題比較好是用隔離變壓器,如果沒有,比較好在電視機(jī)通電時(shí)能調(diào)整好插頭方向,使電視機(jī)的“地”接到市電的“零”線上,這樣可以使電視機(jī)比較容易碰到的地方不“電”人,但是電視機(jī)里還是有與“火”線相連的強(qiáng)電的,仍然要小心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YEMOdOAAwomg86xkPm3cBlyqnEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e970d754d0ab4531b80dbfe870179d92","width":1024},"text":"","id":"SeQOdeAgUoYeucxXA1NcWhdHniE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、要注意電視機(jī)內(nèi)的高壓:在更換行輸出變壓器的時(shí)候,一定要用萬用表筆或其它導(dǎo)線將顯像管高壓帽下的高壓泄放干凈,否則在摘下高壓連線時(shí)會受到高壓電擊,同樣比較危險(xiǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TE2WdG8MgoUkOUxUDBNcZVgnnLV"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3d725834cf604f28a031e3d43eccc47f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"KeMGdIuYioCEyGxWMP9c3GeTnqh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何保養(yǎng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6QEdMcCuoamSqxUh4rcvQvEnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、保持干燥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uq6qdkaMyoi0AgxobSVcuh03nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置的中央,環(huán)境要保持干燥并遠(yuǎn)離化學(xué)藥品。假如放置環(huán)境濕度很大,電器內(nèi)部就會結(jié)露,容易形成漏電、短路等。平常使用的發(fā)膠、滅蚊劑等都是高揮發(fā)性化學(xué)品,也會對液晶顯現(xiàn)屏形成損傷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQkMdwWcSoSIqmxCen9cYGrQnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、亮度調(diào)低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmA2dmAcQoIgS6xcTwycWgUXn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常使用,盡量防止長時(shí)間顯現(xiàn)同一張畫面。長時(shí)間工作容易惹起內(nèi)部老化或燒壞,特別糟糕的是長時(shí)間內(nèi)顯現(xiàn)同一畫面,可能會招致某些像素過熱,形成內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生壞點(diǎn)。而這種損壞不能修復(fù)。因而不用時(shí)應(yīng)該關(guān)閉顯現(xiàn)屏或選擇屏幕保護(hù)程序,或者把顯現(xiàn)屏亮度調(diào)低點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeyYdg6moo2qSwxAdYKchuc0nRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、不能頻繁清洗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N848dWgAmomgIOxk7BLcs9wcnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶顯現(xiàn)屏不能頻繁清洗。正確的清潔辦法是拿一塊沾有少許玻璃清潔劑的屏幕擦布,輕力把污跡擦去。注意不要讓清潔劑流到屏幕、屏框接口中,以免出現(xiàn)短路。也不要用硬質(zhì)毛巾擦洗,以免刮花屏幕。還要定時(shí)定量擦洗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcMadkiiooWOkcxKaNackUibnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、制止壞習(xí)氣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UquIdAgkYoM22axczmCckeQ6nzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"杜絕使用壞習(xí)氣。不要用手對屏幕指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。此外變壓器電壓很高,不要在帶電的狀況下翻開屏的后蓋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IEuGdMIkUo68QoxmAQdcM5DWnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8mydKKoWoei8exM3hYcwT4BnJc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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